科研诚信视域下我国人文社科研究成果的基金项目标注行为分析

基金项目标注规范是科研诚信建设的重要组成部分,基金项目资助产生的研究成果在发表时,应按照相关规定进行规范标注,但基金项目标注失范行为却时有发生,基金项目的真实价值未能正确体现.对人文社科领域的基金项目标注行为进行分析,可为防止学术不端、规范基金标注行为、制定基金资助政策提供依据.在分析国家社科基金、国家自科基金等项目标注规定基础上,以2016—2020年间24万余篇标注国家社科基金项目的研究成果为样本,总结归纳出虚假基金、冒用基金、挂名基金、内容无关基金、过期基金、补充基金和多个基金等七种基金项目标注失范行为后,对基金项目标注行为进行分析研究.研究发现,有近50％的研究成果存在多个基金标注失范行为,研究成果质量越高,平均标注的基金项目数量越少;基金项目标注失范行为与学科、地区、成果类型存在相关关系,但不受项目类型的影响.     

Benevolence-dominant,authoritarianism-dominant,and classical paternalistic leadership: Testing their relationships with subordinate performance

We propose a new typology of paternalistic leadership styles based on how leaders demonstrate authoritarianism and benevolence, the two essential components of this type of leadership. Benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership refers to leaders' sole dependence on the use of benevolence without their strong assertion of authority, whereas authoritarianism-dominant paternalistic leadership is based mainly on authoritarianism itself; classical paternalistic leadership, which best fits early observations of paternalistic leaders, refers to the salient combination of both leadership components. We used two distinct samples and methods to test this typology and the association with subordinate performance. Across the two studies, a field investigation with Taiwanese military supervisor-subordinate dyads and a hypothetical scenario experiment with U.S. working adults, we found a positive relationship between classical paternalistic leadership and subordinate performance as strong as that between benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership and performance. Our findings echo the phenomenon that paternalistic leaders tend to combine benevolence with authoritarianism to affect subordinate performance.     

The heterogeneous impact of pension income on elderly living arrangements: evidence from China’s new rural pension scheme

This paper investigates the impact of pension income on living arrangements of the elderly. Taking advantage of a unique opportunity due to the recent establishment and expansion of the New Rural Pension Scheme in China, we explicitly address the endogeneity of pension status and pension income through a fixed-effect model with instrumental variable approach by exploiting exogenous time variation in the program implementation at county level. We find an overall positive effect of pension income on independent living as well as considerable heterogeneity. The positive income effects of the NRPS are concentrated among the elderly with adult children living nearby, of higher socio-economic status, and with better health at baseline; for other groups, the effects are insignificant. We also find that more generous programs exhibit larger effects. Our results highlight that living arrangement is multidimensional in rural China.     

中国上古神话体系重建的方法论反思——以茅盾的人类学方法为例

20世纪以来,面对残存于汉语典籍中的神话"碎片",许多学者致力于中国上古神话体系的重建,其中尤具代表性的是茅盾的人类学方法:从当时盛行的"人类心智共通说"出发,导出世界神话普同的结论;归纳其他民族神话的情节结构,进而"还原"中国上古神话体系。从学术反思的立场看,茅盾上述方法有一定局限,它与其说解决了中国神话难题,不如说缓解了当时知识界的焦虑。     

论路易斯·卡罗尔《爱丽丝仙境漫游》中的戏仿

路易斯·卡罗尔著名小说《爱丽丝仙境漫游》至少包含4首模仿经典诗歌的戏仿诗歌。戏仿诗歌展现了其内嵌或隐身于其他文本的特点。这一特点与戏仿反对说教的娱乐性结合，共同行使了戏仿潜在的挽救性功能，使人们永远铭记可能落入湮没无闻状态的诗人及作品。戏仿作品以喜闻乐见的方式，与严肃文学相互作用，不失为读者熟悉、研读严肃文学的一个捷径。     

工业企业低碳技术创新决策的演化博弈研究 ——基于内生与外生动力视角

由于全球气候变暖、能源稀缺等问题日益严重,低碳技术创新已成为实现节能减排和可持续发展碳中和目标的关键.因此,基于有限理性的演化博弈理论构建双寡头工业企业低碳技术创新决策选择的演化博弈模型,借助复制动态方程得到不同情形下的系统演化稳定性,进而利用数值仿真工具从内生动力和外生动力的不同视角探究了工业企业低碳技术创新决策的问题.演化结果表明:低碳收益、成本牵引等内生驱动力的增加可以有效促进工业企业向低碳技术创新方向演化;一定范围内的补贴机制、惩罚机制等外生驱动力对工业企业低碳转型升级的激励效果最大,但当外生驱动力超过某一阈值时其促进作用不再显著.因此,企业应该加大科研技术投入,有效改变企业生产方式,提高低碳企业数量,建设有利于整合内生动力优秀资源的企业联动机制;政府应该建立完善的市场创新激励补贴机制和惩罚机制等.     

进化论思潮与唯物史观的传播——近代中国两大思想关系刍议

进化论思想与唯物史观同为近代中国影响广泛的思想。二者的传入时间接近，并且都经历了中国化的过程。随着进化论思想在现代遭到了越来越多的批判和质疑，唯物史观早期传播和发展的历程也经历了重新的审视。文章从近代思想史发展的事实出发，重新厘清两种思想的关系，并具体论证马克思的唯物史观能否从广义上归结为一种进化论的思想，以及进化论思想在中国是否经历了一个向唯物史观转变的历程。     

Modifications of sequential designs in bioequivalence trials

Bioequivalence (BE) studies are designed to show that two formulations of one drug are equivalent and they play an important role in drug development. When in a design stage, it is possible that there is a high degree of uncertainty on variability of the formulations and the actual performance of the test versus reference formulation. Therefore, an interim look may be desirable to stop the study if there is no chance of claiming BE at the end (futility), or claim BE if evidence is sufficient (efficacy), or adjust the sample size. Sequential design approaches specially for BE studies have been proposed previously in publications. We applied modification to the existing methods focusing on simplified multiplicity adjustment and futility stopping. We name our method modified sequential design for BE studies (MSDBE). Simulation results demonstrate comparable performance between MSDBE and the original published methods while MSDBE offers more transparency and better applicability. The R package MSDBE is available at https://sites.google.com/site/modsdbe/ . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

符号学视野下体育与少数民族的国家认同构建

体育与少数民族国家认同问题是一个重要的研究课题，学界目前主要就体育现象本身进行对比或论证少数民族国家认同，而缺乏符号学这一简约方法的深层次解读。国家认同是各种象征符号的集合。体育是一种天然的符号，具有丰富的文化象征含义。因而从符号学视野探究体育与少数民族国家认同具有重要的理论与现实意义。少数民族的国家认同核心是政治认同与文化认同，体育的物源符号化、自然寓意、伴随文本意义、元语言解读、共同记忆塑造功能，有力促进现代国家少数民族国家认同。认清体育符号的标出性历史反转趋势，采取适当宽幅的文化选择，加强体育元语言的解读，充分利用体育符号媒介作用，增强少数民族文化自觉与自信、强化中华“多元一体”认识，厘清国家政治边界，从而有力促进少数民族国家认同的构建。     

The intergenerational education spillovers of pension reform in China

Economic theory establishes that pension privatization weakens the link between old and young and so reduces the incentive to invest in public education in an economy with lower return rate of capital than growth rate of wage. However, empirical studies of the link change are few. In this paper, we investigate the effects of pension privatization and the central government’s subsidy to individual accounts on public education spending in a three-period overlapping generation model. And then, we take contemporary pension reforms in a number of Chinese provinces as offering natural experiment conditions. Using a difference-in-difference framework and 282 municipal districts panel data over years 1998–2009, we test the pension-education theoretical link change. Both our theoretical and empirical results confirm that pension privatization is adversely associated with local public spending on education in China. Private pension subsidies, moreover, magnify this effect. Our study supports the theoretical assertion and selective empirical findings of a negative intergenerational effect of pension privatization.