语言价值、权力结构与国际组织的语言选择

国际组织的语言选择是其行政机构及成员基于组织特性、语言价值等多种考量因素进行博弈的结果。为实现国际组织的宗旨和目标，其行政机构基于国际组织的“组织性”特征尤为注重语言的实用价值，甚至以此作为主导性考量因素，英语因而在国际组织的语言选择中占据主导地位。然而，“国际性”特征要求国际组织必须兼顾语言的象征价值，这与其成员彰显本国语言的诉求相吻合。国际组织成员尤其是成员国的权力强弱对国际组织的语言选择影响深远，部分成员通过在特定国际组织中推广本国语言的使用来提高自身的国际地位及影响力。同时，历史因素通过保留国际组织权力结构中的正式制度对其语言选择产生延迟性影响，致使语言政策的变革滞后于成员之间的相对权力动态。     

Functional Upgrading and Value Capture of Multinational Subsidiaries

This paper investigates the relationship between the value capture of multinational subsidiaries and functional upgrading, which is defined as a diversification of employment from primary business functions to higher value adding activities such as ICT, R&D, marketing or logistics. By combining survey-based business function indicators with longitudinal accounting data for a representative sample of multinational subsidiaries located in six Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), we assess the impact of functional upgrading on foreign subsidiaries' value capture. The results provide robust evidence that the breadth as well as the scope of functional upgrading induces an upward shift of subsidiaries' value added. The effect of functional upgrading is stronger in the earlier phases after entry of the foreign investor, while the long-term growth trend remains unaffected.     

基于虚拟价值链理论的在线教育产业盈利模式研究

在线教育因新颖独特的形式优势,契合了当下的消费需求,其市场潜力逐渐被看好.但在发展初始阶段所面临的诸多瓶颈问题,如内容生产与呈现的机制不明,学习效果评价不清,盈利模式不足等问题都制约着产业发展.结合虚拟价值链理论,通过对在线教育产业价值链中微观层面的考察,系统分析在线教育产业盈利模式的问题、构建及可行的优化路径.     

网格化管理:城市基层社会治理体制的运行逻辑与实践特征——基于N市Q区的个案研究

近年来兴起的网格化管理完善和优化了我国以社区制为核心的城市社会治理体制,同时也影响了城市基层的政治社会结构,形塑了秩序整合过程中国家与社会和市场间的关系及其制度与组织表现形式。它通过划分网格重构了基层社会治理单元,下沉党政资源的同时激发了社会和市场资源。网格化管理构建起了一种刚性与弹性并济的目标责任制,并通过考核评定来保障其有效实施。此外,网格化管理还创新了基层党政组织的运作方式,增强了党政系统对社会利益诉求的回应与满足,从而有利于秩序稳定。但网格化管理也表现出了"科层化"倾向和"压力型体制"的特征,导致了国家的"内部分化"以及国家与基层社会联结的"非均衡性"与"不稳定性"。这使基层政府无限承担了社会治理责任,却降低了行政管理效率,同时制造了城市基层治理体制内在的结构性紧张。     

对实验哲学三个基本问题的质疑与辩护

实验哲学自兴起以来,科学哲学界对它的质疑和批评从未停止:质疑实验哲学方法的有效性,怀疑实验结论的可靠性,甚至否定实验哲学的学科独立性。针对这些质疑和责难,文章试图通过对实验哲学的学科定位,实验哲学方法本身和实验哲学研究领域进行批判性分析,展开对实验哲学的辩护。     

Development of predictive signatures for treatment selection in precision medicine with survival outcomes

For survival endpoints in subgroup selection, a score conversion model is often used to convert the set of biomarkers for each patient into a univariate score and using the median of the univariate scores to divide the patients into biomarker‐positive and biomarker‐negative subgroups. However, this may lead to bias in patient subgroup identification regarding the 2 issues: (1) treatment is equally effective for all patients and/or there is no subgroup difference; (2) the median value of the univariate scores as a cutoff may be inappropriate if the sizes of the 2 subgroups are differ substantially. We utilize a univariate composite score method to convert the set of patient's candidate biomarkers to a univariate response score. We propose applying the likelihood ratio test (LRT) to assess homogeneity of the sampled patients to address the first issue. In the context of identification of the subgroup of responders in adaptive design to demonstrate improvement of treatment efficacy (adaptive power), we suggest that subgroup selection is carried out if the LRT is significant. For the second issue, we utilize a likelihood‐based change‐point algorithm to find an optimal cutoff. Our simulation study shows that type I error generally is controlled, while the overall adaptive power to detect treatment effects sacrifices approximately 4.5% for the simulation designs considered by performing the LRT; furthermore, the change‐point algorithm outperforms the median cutoff considerably when the subgroup sizes differ substantially.     

论当代中国神话学研究的学术转向

中国神话学发轫于古史研究、民俗研究,经历了民间文艺、民族调查,参与了新时期中国的新启蒙和思想解放。21世纪以来,中国神话学进入全面反思与革新的新阶段。学者们开始不约而同地深入检视神话的基本定义和研究范式,探寻神话学的当代价值和社会功能,思考神话资源的创造性转化,从而提出了一系列革新性命题。本文梳理出当前神话学研究的三个主流学术问题：神话学的人类学转向、“朝向当下”的神话主义、神话资源的创造性转化,旨在厘清当代神话学在研究视角、研究路径、研究内容及方法上的创新与发展。这一系列革新性的研究转向,对中国神话学研究原有的研究格局带来了强有力的冲击,具有知识性创新意义。     

新世纪中阿合作的战略基础

中国人民和阿拉伯人民间的友好交往源远流长,著名的丝绸之路就是中、阿两个伟大文明友好交往的历史见证.1949年中华人民共和国成立后,中阿关系进入了新的历史发展时期,一直保持着极其广泛的友好合作.进入21世纪,随着国际形势出现新的发展和变化,中国和阿拉伯世界在实现发展目标上也面临新的机遇和挑战,中阿合作的基础在进一步充实和加强.