Negotiating Gendered Subjectivity in the Enterprise Culture: Metaphor and Entrepreneurial Discourses

An enterprise culture is one in which ‘certain enterprising qualities — such as self reliance, personal responsibility, boldness and a willingness to take risks in the pursuit of goals — are regarded as human virtues and promoted as such’. Work is not seen as a constraint upon the individual but rather as an opportunity for self‐fulfilment. The pervasiveness of enterprise culture has led to observations that it influences aspects of social life beyond the workplace. However, the kind of self that is imagined in enterprise culture is also a male self, with female entrepreneurship measured against a male norm. In this article, then, we present evidence of metaphor as a strategy for coping with the gendered expectations embodied by life in enterprise culture. We show how metaphor is simultaneously an index of and a resource for understanding gendered subjectivities in enterprise culture.     

扁平世界中的学习型社区:对中国的分析

中国崛起为先进经济体的可能性为其他国家提供了颇为有趣的发展机遇.本文将主要探讨在地域辽阔、人口众多的中国,能否应用知识政策缩小发达地区和欠发达地区之间的种种差异.本文尤为关注发展学习型社区能否填补知识的鸿沟,弥补发展的差距.根据扁平世界理论,世界可以转化为一个公平的游戏场.中国历史悠久,地缘政治复杂,中国的历史教训为发展中国家众多怀抱梦想的社区提供了各种各样的经验教训.基于这一原因,我们将中国加以个案考察.中国发明了印刷术、火药,开启了足球运动(兹不一一列举),却在其巅峰时期建造了长城(本身就是一个工程上的奇迹),与世隔绝,此后日渐衰微,直至欧洲列强的火炮打开了国门,在沿海设立通商口岸,惊醒了中国人.事实上,已有学者论述,是邓小平的改革开放扭转了这一悲惨状态.此种观点未免过于简单,本文不敢苟同.本文认为,旧中国的衰败,并非由于国门的开放或关闭,而是由于缺少知识和衡量知识的标准.     

Influence of an Anonymous Stranger on a Routine Decision to Act or Not to Act: An Experiment in Conformity*

The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of law-adhering and law-violating contexts on subject-behavior in a potentially law-violating situation in which the probability of negative sanctions was slight. Observations were made on subjects who had to make a decision either to violate or to adhere to a “Don't-Walk’ signal at the intersection with sparse traffic. The three specific conditions included the control-condition in which no model was present and the experimental conditions in which an anonymous male stranger, the experimenter's confederate, acted either as a law-adhering model or as a law-violating model. The presence of a law-adhering model significantly increases the rate of pedestrian-adherence to a minor legal restriction on the part of both males and females. After the ceiling effects arising from the design of the experiment were factored out, the results showed that a law-violating model has greater influence on subject-behavior than the law-adhering model does. In both the law-adhering and the law-violatin contexts, the model influences the behavior of females slightly more than he does the behavior of males.     

白先勇小说同性恋者的悲剧命运探微

白先勇的小说脍炙人口,其中不乏以同性恋为题材的小说。1988年,白先勇公开了自己的性取向。因此,从白先勇的小说看同性恋的世界,不再是雾里看花。白先勇以他独特的小说技巧描述同性恋者的悲剧命运。同性恋者的命运是充满悲剧的,同性恋者一生被流在血液里的生理欲望孽魔纠缠。年轻俊美时,尚能容易满足生理欲望孽魔的需要;随着时光流逝,年岁增长,面容逐渐衰老,再也无法轻易满足生理欲望孽魔的需要。为此,老同性恋者得奔波劳碌、伺机寻找可以满足他们生理欲望孽魔需要的青春鸟,不少的同性恋者也因着得了爱滋病而离开世界。同性恋者一生的命运是悲哀的,白先勇悲天悯人的情怀让读者更深入地了解了同性恋者的世界和他们黑暗的国度。     

Provident funds and investment in developing countries in the Pacific

This report describes the current avenues of investment used by provident fund schemes in seven island nations in the Pacific; the returns on these investments; the criteria for their selection; and the governments' guidelines and restrictions on these schemes. New investment guidelines from 1988 to 1992 are summarized and the reasons for them are explained. Limitations on permitted investment avenues are briefly described. The latter part of the report, and its main focus, analyses the problems faced when trying to balance the interests of provident fund members with national interests when selecting investments. The report concludes with some recommendations for solutions to the problems related to limited investment outlets and government restrictions. To gather information for this report, a questionnaire was sent to the provident fund schemes in the Pacific and the available annual reports were analysed. Responses, when received, have been included.     

Outcomes assessment of role-play scenarios for teaching responsible conduct of research

We describe the summative assessment of role-play scenarios that we previously developed to teach central topics in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) to graduate students in science and engineering. Interviews with role-play participants, with participants in a case discussion training session, and with untrained students suggested that role-playing might promote a deeper appreciation of RCR by shifting the focus away from wanting to simply "know the rules." We also present the results of a think-aloud case analysis study and describe the development of a behaviorally-anchored rating scale (BARS) to assess participants' case analysis performance.     

Outcomes Assessment of Role-Play Scenarios for Teaching Responsible Conduct of Research

We describe the summative assessment of role-play scenarios that we previously developed to teach central topics in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) to graduate students in science and engineering. Interviews with role-play participants, with participants in a case discussion training session, and with untrained students suggested that role-playing might promote a deeper appreciation of RCR by shifting the focus away from wanting to simply “know the rules.” We also present the results of a think-aloud case analysis study and describe the development of a behaviorally-anchored rating scale (BARS) to assess participants' case analysis performance.