Noninformative priors for the between-group variance in the unbalanced one-way random effects model with heterogeneous error variances

For the unbalanced one-way random effects model with heterogeneous error variances, we propose the non-informative priors for the between-group variance and develop the first- and second-order matching priors. It turns out that the second-order matching priors do not exist and the reference prior and Jeffreys prior do not satisfy a first-order matching criterion. We also show that the first-order matching prior meets the frequentist target coverage probabilities much better than the Jeffreys prior and reference prior through simulation study, and the Bayesian credible intervals based on the matching prior and reference prior give shorter intervals than the existing confidence intervals by examples.     

Reviews of Academic English Listening Tests for Non-Native Speakers

This article presents a review of 20 tests designed for assessing the academic English listening skill of second or foreign language learners. The available test information has been systematically condensed in purpose, listening construct, task characteristics, and validity evidence. It was found that most of the tests were developed for proficiency and placement purposes in academic contexts, with few of the tests serving for making workplace decisions. Also, global, local, and inferential skills constitute the construct in most listening comprehension tests. A practical approach for justifying the uses of these tests for different stakeholders is discussed. This review is a valuable resource for educators, administrators, test developers, and researchers looking for a comprehensive analysis of existing English tests that assess listening comprehension in second or foreign language learners.     

基于大数据合作资产的适应性创新--数字经济的创新逻辑(二)

万物互联时代,数据被认为是与土地、劳动、资本、知识、技术和管理并重的第七大生产要素。当前,多样化的商业实践创新对数据价值的深度挖掘正在突破经济学在传统意义上对数据及其价值的限定,然而,理论上对此还缺乏相应的概念凝练和探讨。本文从企业与消费者价值共创角度提出大数据合作资产的概念,并探讨基于大数据合作资产和适应性创新的数字经济创新逻辑。研究表明:大数据合作资产是一种互动性资源,是企业与消费者在数字化服务交互中成为能够被另一方所拥有和利用并能创造当前或未来经济收益的数字化资产;单纯拥有异质资源不一定会形成合作资产,只有当异质化资源被有效整合、且被使用于企业与消费者服务交换中,才能体现为行动者创造收益的价值潜力;协同演化促进了企业与消费者对彼此的适应性调整,基于大数据合作资产激发以即时调整、即时反馈和难以预测为特征的适应性创新,进而促进了数字经济创新。     

赵尔丰、张荫棠因《中英藏印通商章程》而起的一场争论

光绪三十四年(1908)三月二十日,张荫棠以大清国钦差全权大臣、西藏查办事件大臣身份,与英国代表韦礼敦拟订《中英藏印通商章程》。《章程》全文在当时报章一经刊登,即引发时被任命驻藏办事大臣的赵尔丰的异议。本文主要梳理了赵尔丰、张荫棠关于《中英藏印通商章程》的争论及清廷对争论的裁决。赵尔丰与张荫棠当时所处位置不同,他们思考问题的出发点不同,赵尔丰由于过去的"事功"显得进取与强硬,而张荫棠处在外交谈判位置"妥协"恐难免。《章程》整个谈判过程是张荫棠与外务部不断协商并在其领导下进行的,外务部清楚谈判过程的艰难与反复,故指出赵尔丰"陈议虽高而于事局不无隔膜",清廷最高统治者最终也同意了外务部观点及处理方案。     

空气质量、投资者情绪与股票收益率

  环境因素对股票市场的影响一直是行为金融学探讨的热点话题，行为金融学理论认为股票价格除了受其基本面影响外，投资者情绪也是一个很重要的影响因素。而大量的心理学研究证实，环境的确会影响人们的情绪。当人们暴露在受到污染的环境中，会产生明显的沮丧、焦虑等负面情绪。近年来，已有研究探讨空气污染对股市收益率的影响，但空气污染如何影响股票回报的具体机制却鲜有涉及。         采用2014年至2015年环保部发布的全国252个城市的空气质量指数和股票日收益率数据，构建分城市的股票组合。利用空气质量作为外生的环境变量，通过分城市检验、面板回归和蒙特卡洛模拟等方法，从投资者情绪的视角研究空气质量与股票回报的关系，并进一步从增加悲观情绪和降低交易意愿两个角度对空气质量影响股票回报的机制进行探讨。         研究结果表明，平均来看，空气质量越差的城市，股票收益率越低，该结果在控制季节因素、公司特征和城市固定效应后依然成立。进一步研究发现，空气质量越差，股票组合的换手率越低，流动性也越低，说明空气质量通过降低本地投资者交易意愿而不是增加其悲观情绪影响股票价格。空气质量影响投资情绪的渠道确实存在，当投资者暴露在污染的环境中时，会因为产生负面情绪而使交易意愿降低，从而损害股票的流动性。         研究充分控制城市固定效应，更好地解决内生性问题。研究结果为投资者的非理性投资行为提供支持，环境的因素往往也对投资者的交易产生影响，因此环境也可以作为资产价格的一个因子发挥作用，这对投资者构建交易策略具有启发意义。     

儒家文化命运辨析——全球化时代几种儒家文化归宿理论的实证检验

"儒家文化的命运"关系到每个中国人的安身立命,关系到中华民族和中国的命运,关系到人类和世界格局及其发展趋势。本文以10个样本城市1254个样本的经验数据为根据,澄清了两个诉说纷纭的问题:一,儒家文化的生存状态,它是一成不变地保留下来了,还是已经彻底消亡,抑或是处于一种折中状态?二,近年出现的传统文化复兴现象的性质,它是一个暂时的现象,还是一个长期历史趋势的开端?实证分析表明:一、儒家文化的生存状态,既不是张之洞所言的"一成不变",也不是列文森所言的"彻底消亡"。在经历了一个半世纪的被妖魔化的历史之后,经过损益的儒家文化仍然活着。二、近年来出现的传统文化复兴现象,不是一场误会,而是历史的必然;不是稍纵即逝的泡沫,而是一个长期历史趋势的开端。儒家文化正迎来一个复兴的时代。儒家文化之所以在此时走上复兴之路,一是中国的终极文化具有超越时代的素质,这种素质孕育了其复兴的"可能性";二是中国的工具文化现代化获得了空前成功,这种成功创造了使可能转化为现实的"大势";三是当下的有利的现实的经济、政治、社会和国际条件。     

粘土矿物产状和微结构对地层损害的影响

对120块岩样XRD、SEM分析结果表明,下二门油田纵向粘土矿物演化规律明显,浅、上层系以蒙皂石—高岭石组合为主,中、下层系为绿泥石—高岭石—伊/蒙间层组合,深层系为绿泥石—伊利石组合。发育七种粘土微结构类型,地层微粒的稳定性由占主导地位的微结构类型决定。微结构稳定性序列为层流状>绒球状>畴状>叠片支架状>絮团状>蜂窝状>支架状。预测碱敏、水敏、盐敏和出砂是最严重的地层损害方式。     

A phenomenological case study on immigrant workers' gambling addiction in Korea

This study explores the experiences that have led some of Korea's immigrant workers into gambling addiction and examines possible social welfare services that could support treatment. Immigrant workers' gambling experience as aliens in Korea was analyzed through the methodology of a phenomenological case study. The participants, who voluntarily consented to the study, were five immigrant workers addicted to gambling. Data were collected through one‐on‐one, in‐depth interviews over 6 months, starting in July 2018. The essential themes that emerged in the interviews were “changing strategies for survival,” “forgetting oneself without any sense of responsibility or shame,” “gambling as routine daily life,” “obsession with making a fortune in one go,” and “no home to return to.” Based on its results, this study makes suggestions for the prevention of gambling addiction in immigrant workers. Further, future research needs to be broadened to analyze nationwide cases of immigrant workers with more diverse demographic backgrounds.