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ABSTRACTIn this internationalised world, graduate employability in terms of intercultural communication skills needs to be taken into account in higher education. The present study aims to explore the effects of critical incident task instruction on English non-majored undergraduates’ intercultural competence. One group of students received ten weeks of instruction with one critical incident task per week and another group received standard English classes. Data were collected from the students’ pre- and post-test. The results showed a significant and strong effect of the intervention with critical incident tasks. Implications for educational practice are presented for further teaching with critical incident tasks. 相似文献
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Considered are stochastic continuous-time control systems described by stochastic differential equations, which are defined by special martingals. Examples are given by the well known Ito equations with respect to a Wiener - or a Poisson process. By means of a performance index, regarding current yields as well as a terminal payment a control problem is formulated. The essential result in view of concrete evaluation is the approximation by a sequence of discrete-time finite dimensional control problems. 相似文献
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Michael S. Rendall Ryan Admiraal Alessandra DeRose Paola DiGiulio Mark S. Handcock Filomena Racioppi 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2008,17(4):519-539
In non-experimental research, data on the same population process may be collected simultaneously by more than one instrument.
For example, in the present application, two sample surveys and a population birth registration system all collect observations
on first births by age and year, while the two surveys additionally collect information on women’s education. To make maximum
use of the three data sources, the survey data are pooled and the population data introduced as constraints in a logistic
regression equation. Reductions in standard errors about the age and birth-cohort parameters of the regression equation in
the order of three-quarters are obtained by introducing the population data as constraints. A halving of the standard errors
about the education parameters is achieved by pooling observations from the larger survey dataset with those from the smaller
survey. The percentage reduction in the standard errors through imposing population constraints is independent of the total
survey sample size. 相似文献
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Summary:
In nonlinear statistical models, standard optimality functions for experimental
designs depend on the unknown parameters of the model. An appealing and robust
concept for choosing a design is the minimax criterion. However, so far, minimax optimal
designs have been calculated efficiently under various restrictive conditions only. We
extend an iterative relaxation scheme originally proposed by Shimizu and Aiyoshi (1980)
and prove its convergence under very general assumptions which cover a variety of situations
considered in experimental design. Application to different specific design criteria
is discussed and issues of practical implementation are addressed. First numerical results
suggest that the method may be very efficient with respect to the number of iterations
required.*Supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. We are grateful to
a referee for his constructive suggestions. 相似文献