浦东农村青年的新特点与团建工作变数的把握

地处改革前沿的浦东青年农民积极进取、敢于求富,追求知识、渴求文明,易于流动、奔走四方,参与政治、思想开放的新特点,给团建工作带来了新的机遇。目前的关键在于把握好基层团干队伍状态较好、提高自身素质愿望强烈,但基层组织建设尚不适应,团的工作平衡发展不理想,社会化运作机制有待创新的四大变数:明确适应、合理、服务的建团思路,构建社会化服务体系,将基层团建纳入党建总体格局;突出社区团建目标方向,采用组织分构模式。     

中国儿童的健康状况及家庭责任

孩子是一个家庭的轴心，更是民族的未来。目前，中国儿童的营养状况正面临营养不足和营养过剩两极的挑战，大多数孩子享受到了最好的营养，而体质体能却下降了。本文从中国儿童健康的状况出发。对儿童健康问题产生的家庭责任进行分析，进而提出加强对家长进行儿童安全知识教育和社会宣传、端正家长的教育观念、对家长进行“食育”教育、完善儿童健康检测系统等对策建议。     

社会行动理论视野下的当代青年价值观研究

青年价值观是青年价值态度和价值取向的反映。它尤其表现在青年关于自身价值及如何实现自身价值的看法，是青年和社会精神文化系统中深层的、相对稳定而起主导作用的部分．价值观是青年精神心理活动的中枢系统．是其人生和事业中最重要的精神追求、精神支柱和动力所在。改革开放以来，当代中国青年的价值观在时代的发展中发生了深刻的变化。青年一向是变革的动力。重大的社会变革都是在他们身上通过并实现的，在当前建设和谐社会过程中对青年价值观研究非常重要。笔者认为社会行动理论对青年价值观的研究有所帮助，并以此为视点对青年价值观进行解读，阐述青年价值观的发展趋势和建设意见。     

青少年犯罪及其相关司法问题

我国近年来的青少年犯罪率不断升高，呈现出令人担忧的急剧增长趋势。由于发育年龄提前和频繁接受暴力文化影响等原因，不满14周岁的未成年人危害社会的行为逐渐增多。中国青少年人口总量由低谷开始攀升，将进入一个稳步上升期，而目前中国整体犯罪率，包括青少年犯罪率都处于上升状态，未来5年青少年犯罪总量将进一步增加。本文在分析青少年犯罪现状的基础上，对其相关的司法保护问题进行分析，并提出促进青少年健康成长的意见。     

发达国家调节收入差距的经验及对我国的启示

当前,我国居民收入差距不断扩大,导致社会矛盾尖锐。努力缓解地区之间和部分社会成员收入分配差距过大的趋势,逐步实现共同富裕,依然是党和政府的重要任务,也是理论界必须加以深入研究的重要课题。西方发达国家调节收入差距的实践对我国有重要启示,应采取改革不合理的政策制度,缩小城乡贫富差距;综合运用税收与社会福利手段调节收入差距;形成富人帮穷人、先进地区帮助落后地区的道德和法律机制等措施,逐步缩小收入差距。     

Testing the Equality of Two Proportions for Combined Unilateral and Bilateral Data

In many medical comparative studies (e.g., comparison of two treatments in an otolaryngological study), subjects may produce either bilateral (e.g., responses from a pair of ears) or unilateral (response from only one ear) data. For bilateral cases, it is meaningful to assume that the information between the two ears from the same subject are generally highly correlated. In this article, we would like to test the equality of the successful cure rates between two treatments with the presence of combined unilateral and bilateral data. Based on the dependence and independence models, we study ten test statistics which utilize both the unilateral and bilateral data. The performance of these statistics will be evaluated with respect to their empirical Type I error rates and powers under different configurations. We find that both Rosner's and Wald-type statistics based on the dependence model and constrained maximum likelihood estimates (under the null hypothesis) perform satisfactorily for small to large samples and are hence recommended. We illustrate our methodologies with a real data set from an otolaryngology study.     

Perimeter-area ratio effects of urbanization intensity on forest characteristics,landscape patterns and their associations in Harbin City,Northeast China

To maximize the ecological services of urban forests, a better understanding of the effects of urbanization on urban forest characteristics, landscape metrics, and their associations is needed for landscape-related regulations in space-limited green infrastructure of metropolitan regions. In this study, Harbin, a typical fast-growing provincial-capital city in Northeast China, is used as a case study. Based on remote sensing images, field surveys, and correlation and variation partitioning analyses, we conclude that landscape characteristics and forest attributes have large variations among different urbanization intensity (UI) regions. Forest patch density (PD), landscape shape index, woody plants species richness, and the Shannon–Wiener index (H′) increased linearly, while stem section area and tree height decreased linearly with the increasing of UIs. UI had a greater influence on tree size and forest community attributes than the forest landscape pattern. Accordingly, any landscape regulation on forest attributes should be implemented according to UIs. In addition, Euclidean nearest neighbor distance(ENN-MN), mean perimeter-area ratio (PARA-MN), fractal dimension index(FRAC-MN), and PD could probably indicate forest attributes the most, e.g., the increase of PARA-MN may be accompanied with taller trees in low and heavy UI regions, but lower woody plants species evenness in low and medium UI regions. More diversified woody plants species, and afforested areas should be advocated in a low UI region, while in a heavy UI region, the conservation of large trees should be implemented. Our results highlight that the implementation of urban forest management should vary according to different urbanization regions to maximize ecological services.

     

草畜平衡制度为何难以实现“草畜平衡”

草畜平衡制度是我国草原管理和生态保护的基本制度,但在实施中却难以达到"草畜平衡"的目的。文章基于内蒙古地区的田野调查和文献资料,从草场生态过程和牧民行为两个方面,分析了草畜平衡制度在实施中问题产生的根源。研究表明:一方面,干旱半干旱草场存在一定的非平衡生态系统特征,承载力管理不一定能实现草场的可持续利用;另一方面,牧民对载畜量的控制是一个多因素影响下的综合决策,并受到市场、畜牧业生产周期、生计需求的限制。而现行的草畜平衡制度在这两个基本环节的处理上采取了简单化、标准化的思路,导致该制度不能有效执行。文章认为,在资源时空异质性异常显著的干旱半干旱草场,目前将"草畜平衡"作为落实到每一微观牧户的实施手段,其可行性值得商榷,草场管理中更应该侧重生态系统的弹性管理,而不仅仅是关注作为阈值的承载力本身。     

平面设计的本土化视觉表现研究

中国当代平面设计创意在视觉化的过程中视觉符号元素一直扮演着解读视觉信息、视觉认识、视觉表达的引导作用,展示出千姿百态的视觉符号元素的个性角色。它具有浓郁传统意义的视觉形态元素,其“形、色、神、意”无不延续着中华民族的文化精髓,彰显着丰富的本土文化内涵,折射出华夏民族各个层面的审美观念及情趣。     

魏晋士人的文化精神及现代意义

魏晋时期,士人开创了属于自己的独特文化精神:任诞放达与任情率真、自我尊重与自我觉醒、崇尚清谈与崇敬自然、风度超逸与风趣高雅,这种文化精神对于我们如今建立正确的人生观、增强生命意识以及构建理想人格具有重要的借鉴意义。