Leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviors: Contextual effects of leader power distance and group task interdependence

In this paper we explore the context of the relationship between leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). We maintain that workgroup leader's power distance and the extent of task interdependence in the group exert cross-level effects on the LMX-OCB relationship. We assert that leader power distance attenuates the relationship between LMX and OCB, and this effect is stronger in workgroups with high degree of task interdependence. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis of data gathered from 245 employees nested in 54 workgroups supported our hypotheses. LMX-OCB relationship was weaker in workgroups led by high power distance leaders. Further, the three-way cross-level interaction between LMX, leader power distance and group task interdependence demonstrated that the tendency for LMX to have a stronger positive effect on OCB when leader power distance was low rather than high was more pronounced in high task interdependence teams.     

相互依存型外交战略：“入世”后我国外交战略的理性选择

我国的外交是为现代化建设服务的.在由于经济全球化使各国日益增强相互依存关系的背景下,尤其是我国加入世贸组织后,实行相互依存型发展外交战略是一种理性选择.这种通过多边对话、协调平衡和合作的途径,以发展求和平,促进我国经济发展的外交战略的调整和实行,有它的必然性与可行性.     

Compatibility,Leisure, and Satisfaction in Marital Relationships

This study challenges the prevailing view that marital companionship promotes marital satisfaction. By following a cohort of married couples for over a decade and by incorporating several methodological improvements—such as refining the measurement of marital satisfaction, determining how much spouses enjoy doing the leisure activities they pursue together and apart, and using diary data to portray marital leisure patterns—we found that the association between companionship and satisfaction is less robust than previously believed, and that it depends on how often spouses pursue activities that reflect their own and their partner's leisure preferences. Over time, involvement in leisure liked by husbands but disliked by wives, whether as a couple or by husbands alone, is both a cause and a consequence of wives' dissatisfaction.     

共青团围绕党的中心任务而奋斗的百年历程及基本经验

作为党的助手和后备军,中国共产主义青年团紧跟党的步伐,围绕党的中心任务,走过了百年辉煌历程。百年来,共青团坚持党的领导,将党领导团正确的方针政策落到实处;坚持改革,不断增强团围绕党的中心任务而奋斗的能力;教育引导青年,重视青年在革命、建设、改革中的作用,在新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设时期、新时代中国特色社会主义建设时期都作出了重要贡献。未来建设中,共青团要不断突出政治性,增强先进性,保持群众性,巩固、夯实、筑牢其围绕党的中心任务而奋斗的领导基础、政治基础和青年群众基础。     

Workgroup interdependence and satisfaction from a developmental perspective: the moderating role of the group’s life cycle stage / Interdependencia y satisfacción en el grupo de trabajo desde la perspectiva del desarrollo: el rol moderador de la fase del ciclo de vida grupal

From a developmental perspective, workgroups adjust and modify the way they function over time. The present study aims to test, at the group level, the moderating role of the group’s life phase in the relationship between workgroup interdependence ties in terms of task, outcome and functions, assessed by social network density and group satisfaction. A sample of 84 teams from various companies participated in this research. The results showed that the group’s development phase determines the way that outcome interdependence density in teams is associated with satisfaction and reveal the existence of differences between the second and fourth development stages. Therefore, the group’s life cycle stage should be considered as a relevant variable in research and intervention with groups in the workplace.     

Complementary person-supervisor fit: An investigation of supplies-values (S-V) fit,leader-member exchange (LMX) and work outcomes

By applying the supplies-values (S-V) fit approach from the complementary person-environment (P-E) fit literature to the leader-employee perspective, and drawing upon social exchange theory, we examine how fulfillment of different work values is related to Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and work outcomes. First, polynomial regression analyses combined with response surface analysis of data collected at two time points (N = 316) showed that LMX (Time 2) was higher the more the leader fulfills the employee's work values (Time 1). Second, LMX (Time 2) was higher when leader supplies (Time 1) and employee work values (Time 1) were both high than when both were low. Third, analyses of data from a sub-sample of matched leader-employee dyads (N = 140), showed that LMX (Time 2) played a mediating role on the relation between S-V fit (Time 1) and work outcomes (Time 2). Specifically, we found eight out of 10 relationships between S-V fit (Time 1) and leader-rated task performance and OCB (Time 2) to be fully mediated by LMX (Time 2). LMX (Time 2) partially mediated the relation between S-V fit (Time 1) and job satisfaction (Time 2) as only two out of five relationships were fully mediated.     

Tomorrow's Leaders and Today's Agents of Change? Children,Sustainability Education and Environmental Governance

Children are central to the rhetoric supporting global climate agreements, yet they are also envisaged to play a strategic role in materialising such agreements. Along with other household actors, children are implicated in localised efforts to manage global resource sustainability. As learners in educational systems that are being redesigned to encompass messages of sustainability, children are moreover positioned as ‘agents of change’ through sustainability education. Drawing on theoretical work on children's agency and interdependence, this review calls for greater attention to the structural and relational dimensions of environmental knowledge transmission to inform sustainability education. This is presented as one move towards constructing what Middlemiss (2014) terms a more ‘socially sensitive’ model of sustainable development.     

大学英语视听说翻转课堂教学模式的构建与实施

“翻转课堂”，即将知识传授和知识内化的顺序颠倒安排。知识传授由学生在课前自主完成，知识内化则放到课堂上实现，即从“课堂授课听讲+课后完成作业”转变为“课前自主学习+课堂协作探究”。从分析当前大学英语视听说的教学现状入手，阐述了以TBLT为基础的英语视听说翻转课堂的构建与实施，并进一步指出这种新型教学模式所带来的优势和挑战，以期为大学英语视听说教学更为合理、有效地利用翻转课堂模式提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

Establish a Glorious Century of Maintaining Life＇ s Dignity

现今的世界上,有许多人由于内战、贫困与饥饿、环境破坏等威胁,迫使他们的生命及尊严处于危险状态,也有大批人仍然饱受着人权侵害、种族歧视的痛苦。为和平、人权、人道的奋斗,绝不是低层爬到高山的顶峰就可以达到终点那样。重要的是要创建一股一代接一代、谁也阻挡不了的滔滔洪流,并日积月累地把它发展和扩大。这就是我们为了建设一个和平未来的不断挑战。     

共产主义理想与现阶段党的历史任务

实现共产主义是人类社会发展的必然趋势 ,是中国共产党人的最终奋斗目标和最高纲领 ,而在每一个历史阶段上 ,我们党又都有具体的奋斗目标即最低纲领。中国共产党“是最低纲领与最高纲领的统一论者” ,必须把共产主义远大理想同党在现阶段历史任务结合起来 ,脚踏实地地为建设有中国特色社会主义事业而奋斗