接收天线等效电路的严格推导

从场的观点出发,利用反应概念并结合互易定理严格证明了接收天线可以等效为传统基于开路电压的等效模型,并指出了当电场分别与接收模式下和发射模式下的电流作反应时,将得到不同的等效电路参数;结合偶极子天线的数值例子,说明了传统的开路电压模型在接收系统的分析中更为方便、合理。     

论新时代思想政治教育的亲和力

明确新时代思想政治教育定位是增强亲和力的前提。亲和关系可以分为“同质性的亲和关系”和“非同质性亲和关系”,亲和力实质上是一种相互性问题,增强思想政治教育的亲和力,本质上就是要把握思想政治教育的相互性。在思想政治教育活动过程中把握作为思想政治教育主体的基本特性的相互性、作为信息基本特性的相互性和作为基本实践活动的相互性,推动3个层面相互性的有机叠加,形成思想政治教育的主体生态。为此,提升亲和力的核心是破解“理论与现实脱节”的难题、根本是增强思想政治教育的相互性、关键是创新思想政治教育话语。既要增强理论的阐释力,增强理论解释现实问题的能力,不断创新思想政治教育话语,又要立足信息文明创构人的生态,在不断丰富和优化人与人之间的信息关系、相关关系、实践关系中真正解决人们的思想问题,进而增进理解、促进共识、增强价值认同,发挥良好的领航作用。     

‘Being friends means helping each other,making coffee for each other’: reciprocity in the friendships of people with intellectual disability

Friendship is an issue of concern for many people with intellectual disability. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to understand how people with intellectual disability experience friendship and what friendship means for them. A focus group was held with seven people with intellectual disability, who are members of a self-advocacy group. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data. The people that the research participants identified as their friends were fellow self-advocates, family members, support workers and co-workers. They also identified behaviours and actions that foster friendship and those that undermine it. The analysis shows how the research participants identified as friendships those relationships which had an element of reciprocity, while linking a lack of reciprocity with the absence of friendship. It is very important for non-disabled people to understand the perspectives of people with intellectual disability they live and work with.     

Interpreting conflict and integration through the reciprocity lens: mobility and settlement in a historical perspective on the Sierra Leonean coast

ABSTRACT

In recent years, Sierra Leone has witnessed intense population movements. During the civil war (1991–2002), many populations fled the fighting zones of the interior to take refuge on the coast. Since the conflict ended, new populations have reached the coastal area with the hope of accessing economic opportunities in the fishing business. Mobility, along with changing sociopolitical and economic conditions, has generated conflict between immigrants and Sherbro populations, who consider themselves autochthonous and deny migrants the freedom to access political and land rights. The paper argues that present dynamics of conflicts are rooted in long-term patterns of settlement and relationships of reciprocity between groups. Relations between migrants and local populations are grounded in a sociocultural idiom that implies the institutionalization of practices of reciprocity between local inhabitants (hosts) and later settlers (strangers). The host/stranger reciprocity system is an emic model of cultural action embedded in historical and power relations between groups. It implies the progressive integration of strangers into the host society. This paper highlights how, in a situation of conflict, long-established social relationships between groups are reevaluated with reference to norms of integration and reciprocity. The paper draws on Sherbro oral traditions to show how social memories about interethnic relations are reframed with reference to values and expectations of reciprocity, in order to explain the recent conflict that opposes Sherbros to immigrants. Sherbros use oral traditions to interpret these tensions in a long-term perspective, thereby expressing their own view on settlement, conflict and integration.     

On the reciprocity of connections in weighted and unweighted networks

Bivariate Bernoulli and bivariate geometric distributions are proposed to model reciprocity in weighted and unweighted networks. Sampling properties of commonly used reciprocity measures are studied, under both presence and absence of reciprocity. Extensions to situations where link parameters depend on outgoing and incoming nodes are investigated. Results are illustrated with a data set, on 50 anesthesia providers at a hospital, that describes the number of times an anesthesia provider starting an operation transfers his/her responsibilities to another anesthesia provider.     

休谟的正义观述评

本文讨论休谟的正义理论。指出正义起源于人性的有限慷慨与资源的相对匮乏;正义的主要作用是确立财产权;正义的有效实现依赖政府保护;同时指出休谟正义理论的合理性与局限性。     

间接互惠下公共文化PPP项目机会主义行为

引入间接互惠机制,通过构建演化博弈模型,分析公共文化PPP项目中公私部门决策过程,研究机会主义行为产生的原因和应对机制。研究结果表明:私人部门当期机会主义收益的大小是影响机会主义行为产生的关键因素;严厉的惩罚机制并不能有效遏制机会主义行为;未来合作收益和声誉系数越大,私人部门越倾向于采取互惠主义行为,实现公私部门合作的帕累托最优。基于上述结论,提出政府部门应出台激励政策扩大PPP市场规模,并建立惩罚机制及声誉机制,有效防范公共文化PPP项目中的机会主义行为。     

无字之法探源

采集狩猎族群的社会生活是复杂的，领地、互惠、核心家庭、复仇以及初步的权威，构成了他们法律生活的主要方面。在新石器时代，农业孕育了不动产和不动产法，互惠有了新的发展，出现了商品交换及规则，陶寺遗址的等级化墓葬和礼器，聚落之间的等级，聚族而葬，刑罚标志着宗法礼制已经出现。在前人研究的基础上，借助人类学资料和考古资料，通过探讨史前法律的产生与发展，期待将法律起源的研究往前推进一步。     

Can we count on each other? Reciprocity and conflicts in financial support in Sweden

Espvall M, Dellgran P. Can we count on each other? Reciprocity and conflicts in financial support in Sweden
Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 84–94 © 2008 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article explores the experiences of reciprocity and conflicts in social relationships, and how these experiences are related to financial support (loans and gifts) in the wider social network. The balance of exchange within the social network as a whole is considered in relation to socio‐demographic features, financial conditions and the availability of social relationships. The data are drawn from a study of financial support exchange in Sweden based on a representative survey among Swedish citizens (n= 500). The results reveal that people living in economic hardship and who have more problematic life circumstances appear to be at risk of receiving more limited informal financial support and experience more feelings of conflict and nonreciprocal social relations.     

关于正义的互惠性概念

互惠性是正义的固有特性 ,它涉及对正义本质和基础的认识 ,但长期以来 ,道德学家们对互惠性的理解并不一致。分析批判霍布斯、叔本华、康德和罗尔斯等人的观点 ,可以看出 :互惠性是正义制度下的一种人际关系 ,包含着平等性、合作性和协调性的特征。它是正义存在和贯彻的真正基础 ,是正义的一种独立特性。