Politics in evaluation: Politically responsive evaluation in high stakes environments

The role of politics has often been discussed in evaluation theory and practice. The political influence of the situation can have major effects on the evaluation design, approach and methods. Politics also has the potential to influence the decisions made from the evaluation findings. The current study focuses on the influence of the political context on stakeholder decision making. Utilizing a simulation scenario, this study compares stakeholder decision making in high and low stakes evaluation contexts. Findings suggest that high stakes political environments are more likely than low stakes environments to lead to reduced reliance on technically appropriate measures and increased dependence on measures better reflect the broader political environment.     

浅析语境的作用及影响语境的因素

语境对交际双方的语言运用起制约和解释两种作用。说话人要选择适合语境的语言表达形式 ;听话人则借助语境弥补对话中省略的推理过程 ,或在有歧义的情况下选择词义。背景知识的多寡和相关性的高低是影响语境的重要因素。语境伴随语篇和交际而产生 ,并随着交际的推进层层展开 ,因而语境是动态的。交际者可以借助已有语境理解语篇 ,也可以主动地利用各种手段创造有利于交际的语境。     

语境教学与法学教育之关联分析

语境教学法与学习过程的内在规律性相契合 ,是启发式的核心环节 ,是激发学习主体学习兴趣的重要方式 ,因而是一种行之有效的教学方法。法学知识结构的系统性与严密的内在逻辑性决定了语境教学在法学教育中的地位与作用。信息社会法律教学应该加强语境教学 ,培养学生对语境的感受力     

断章取义:意义生成机制合法性的维系

本文从三个方面"对断章取义"的意义生成机制的合法性予以简要维护。一、依据哲学阐释学理论",前理解"的存在是阐释者不可逃避的宿命所在,因"而此非诗人之情,而引诗者之情也"也即"断章取义"式理解应当是合法的。二、从语义学角度来讲",断章取义""之取"的主要诉求乃为当下的交流效果,只要能够达到此一目的,即"有断章取义而理可通者"那么我们就应当说它是合法的。三、从互文性角度来审视",断之于彼,而无损于此"此一命题已经表明对于《诗》的断章取义其意义生成也应当是合法的。     

Dealing with context in logic model development: Reflections from a realist evaluation of a community health worker programme in Nigeria

Logic models (LMs) have been used in programme evaluation for over four decades. Current debate questions the ability of logic modelling techniques to incorporate contextual factors into logic models. We share experience of developing a logic model within an ongoing realist evaluation which assesses the extent to which, and under what circumstances a community health workers (CHW) programme promotes access to maternity services in Nigeria. The article contributes to logic modelling debate by: i) reflecting on how other scholars captured context during LM development in theory-driven evaluations; and ii) explaining how we explored context during logic model development for realist evaluation of the CHW programme in Nigeria. Data collection methods that informed our logic model development included documents review, email discussions and teleconferences with programme stakeholders and a technical workshop with researchers to clarify programme goals and untangle relationships among programme elements. One of the most important findings is that, rather than being an end in itself, logic model development is an essential step for identifying initial hypotheses for tentative relevant contexts, mechanisms and outcomes (CMOs) and CMO configurations of how programmes produce change. The logic model also informed development of a methodology handbook that is guiding verification and consolidation of underlying programme theories.     

Online crisis communication in a post-truth Chinese society: Evidence from interdisciplinary literature

Through a thematic content analysis of 118 journal articles from interdisciplinary fields, this study reviews the research trends of online crisis communication literature in a Chinese post-truth society, where objective facts play a diminishing role, and Chinese people are losing their trust, despite the best efforts of organizations to deal with fake news in crises. Results of this study disclose some unique crisis communication strategies (e.g., strategic distraction, rumor-rebuttal, fabrication, acting cute, and content censorship) in crises of China. Influential contextual factors such as the political system, cultural values, and media features are identified as well. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed, and a greater picture of online crisis communication in contexts is posited for future research.     

顺应论视域下的企业网站翻译问题探析

根据Verschueren的语言顺应理论,翻译是译者对原文和译文的语言结构以及语境关系不断顺应的动态过程,但在企业网站翻译中,未对译文做出动态顺应的例子比比皆是,影响了网站的宣传推介作用。以平湖服装企业的网站英译为例,从语言结构和语境关系两个方面分析网站英译存在的问题,并提出相应的解决方法。     

西方传媒语境中伊斯兰妇女问题文化辨析

西方传媒不但对《古兰经》所渗透着的女性关怀精神的本源性思想进行了“恶毒中伤”,还传布伊斯兰教反妇女论来“蓄意丑化”其自成体系的妇女观。本文力求全面梳理伊斯兰文化妇女观的主导精神与西方传媒所给定的“反妇女论”间互错的原因、表现、实质等一系列的问题,从“本源与变异”的全新视角来重新审视伊斯兰妇女问题,力求达到正本清源的学术目的。     

Reconsidering “community liberated”: How class and the national context shape personal support networks

The “community liberated” thesis has been influential in describing contemporary social support systems. Specifically, “community liberated” argues that people do not seek support in their immediate neighborhood but rather entertain a network of far-flung ties to support-providing alters. This paper uses personal network data from six countries – Australia, Germany, the US, Austria, Hungary and Italy – to evaluate this argument and shows that the degree of liberation of one's community is strongly linked to one's socioeconomic status – specifically, one's education level. Additionally, we describe strong country-level heterogeneity in the spatial dynamics of personal support networks and find national contexts to be moderating the effect of education on community liberation, especially in Italy and Hungary, thus suggesting network geographic dispersion to be linked to national economic structures and labor markets. The paper thus elucidates the effect of two different, yet related social contexts on personal networks: the class context and the national context.     

词语语义加工中N400影响因素研究述评

作为语义加工大脑指标的N400成分受多种因素的影响。研究者从词类、词频、拼写相似性、语义关联、词语具体性、语境以及词汇隐喻等方面对词语语义加工中影响N400成分的因素进行了大量的研究。然而，这些研究对词语的出现条件进行了严格的限制：对词语列表中的词语的考察脱离了语境的制约，对完形填空中词语出现概率的考察受到句法结构的制约。本文对这些影响N400成分的因素进行了评述，建议该领域的研究重点可以倾向于脱离句法结构的条件限制，考察不同结构中词语或词语组合的语义加工过程，倾向于词语语义加工的跨语言渗透，并提出在词汇学习或教学中遴选词语的策略和语境制约的作用。