从比较优势学说看我国就业增长

从比较优势学说理论来看,我国应该大力发展劳动密集型产业,以获取比较优势,但从我国出口产品的现状及存在问题来看,我国似乎更应该大力发展高新技术产业以提高出口产品的附加值.本文对这一矛盾形成的原因和对策进行探讨分析,并提出相应对策.     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

论闻一多对传统诗学的继承与发展

"求真"与"求美"是闻一多古典诗学批评的两个重要尺度,"求真"是继承了中国传统诗学的要素,而"求美"则是吸收了西方唯美主义的因子。闻一多从中国诗歌产生的源头论证了"诗缘情"一说的合理性,认为诗歌的本质在于抒诗人之真性情。但他又不囿于旧说,而是借鉴了西方唯美主义的学说,十分重视诗歌的形式美。另外,在诗学批评的方法上,他不仅运用了传统的训诂考据的方法,还引进了西方当时流行的文化学批评的方法。他力图通过还原古代诗歌产生的特定的社会环境,从产生文学艺术的生活场景来对文学艺术进行文学本体性研究。     

审美论-语言论-文化论：新时期30年文论发展轨迹

新时期30年来，经过几代学人的共同努力，文学理论迎来了发展的最好时期。这30年文论的发展轨迹可以粗略概括为：从审美论，到语言论，再到文化论。因此，有必要在审美论、语言论和文化论三元兼摄的“文化诗学”路径中，进一步推动文学理论的研究，使它有更好的发展。     

诗谶说的文学批评价值

诗谶是鉴诗者将诗歌作品与诗人或相关人物命运相结合,以求诗歌与史实或本事互相印证的一种诗歌批评形式.它包含着兴亡谶、穷通谶(科谶与仕谶)、贫富谶、寿亡谶、祸福谶等内容,是汉儒以谶解诗、诗学与命理学结合的产物,虽然披上了宿命论外衣,却汲取并深化了古代诗论的言志言情、知人论世、诗可以观、气象观诗说等多方面的内在精神.正确评价诗谶对批评地接受传统诗学遗产是十分必要的.     

刘壎诗学思想初探

元代诗学主潮为“举世宗唐”,江西诗论家却是其中颇为特殊的一支,他们上承江西统系,探索唐、宋诗之渊承,成为“宗唐得古”思潮下较温和的“折衷唐宋”派,刘壎是其中重要的代表人物。刘壎的诗学思想有两大关键:一是“折衷唐宋”,二是以“四层次”论诗,其诗学思想受陆九渊心学影响颇深。     

论厄尔·迈纳的比较诗学体系

迈纳通过他的<比较诗学>建构了一种跨文化的比较诗学体系.这一体系的理论基础是对三种基础文类,即戏剧、抒情诗和叙述文学的研究,由于不同的基础文类处在不同文化体系中,因此,建立在这一基础上的比较诗学必定是跨文化的.跨文化比较所带来的价值判断、评判标准等问题可以通过相对主义加以克服,但相对主义仍然是有缺陷的,我们可以借助某种稳定性、确定性和科学性,走出相对主义的泥沼.     

Social identities and political cleavages: the role of political context

Summary. Using a novel method, the paper investigates the influence of social group identities on attitudes and on voting in a variety of political contexts. Examining the major regions of Britain, Canada and the USA, we find considerable national and regional diversity in the nature of social cleavages. For example, social class and race had widely different effects across societies, but within societies their effects on attitudes and on voting were very similar. However, despite that, age and religion had a similar effect on attitudes across societies; the effects on voting varied considerably. The significant within-country differences underline the importance of using region, rather than country, as the unit of analysis. More importantly, these results highlight the role of political context, especially competing cleavages and the structure of party competition, in the establishment of politically relevant social cleavages.     

泰戈尔诗学和谐论

和谐是泰戈尔诗学的核心概念之一,体现了他的审美价值观.泰戈尔诗学和谐论不仅主张作家、文本、读者等文学内部各要素的和谐,而且推崇人与人、人与自然关系等文学外部因素的和谐,其美学基础是真善美的统一.这样的诗学和谐论具有深厚的传统哲学基础和东方文化底蕴.     

试析梁启超诗学的启蒙主题

梁启超将启蒙作为其诗学主张的核心主题 ,并自觉地将这一主题贯穿于其诗学体系之中。他明确提出诗歌要用当时的新语句来表达新意境 ,诗歌要表现近代世界新兴的社会理想、哲学观念及其自然科学、物质文明 ,宣传当时欧洲先进的精神思想 ,为当时中国的政治变革服务。启蒙是梁启超诗学的一个重要内容 ,也是他诗学的基础 ,是理解他诗学主张的关键。