蚌埠市小学生体育现状调查研究

运用查阅文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计法,对蚌埠市6所小学的五(一)班学生体育现状作了调查研究,结果表明小学生对体育活动有着广泛的兴趣,学生体育活动的实践已大大超过了《体育教学大纲》的要求。平均每个家庭已拥有一件体育器材。指出应贯彻新颁发的《体育与健康教学大纲》,加强对课外体育的组织、竞赛和指导,开发体育设施资源,进一步激发学生的运动兴趣,养成坚持体育锻炼的习惯,促进身心发展。     

616光路计算程序的改进

本文从光学设计的实践出发,提出完善我院编制的616光路计算程序的若干改进意见。它包括提高计算结果的准确性,增加程序的灵活性和功能扩展等诸方面问题。     

Modelling the effect of pupil mobility on school differences in educational achievement

Summary.  The recently introduced national pupil database in England allows the tracking of every child through the compulsory phases of the state education system. The data from key stage 2 for three local education authorities are studied, following cohorts of pupils through their schooling. The mobility of pupils among schools is studied in detail by using multiple-membership multilevel models that include prior achievement and other predictors and the results are compared with traditional 'value-added' approaches that ignore pupil mobility. The analysis also includes a cross-classification of junior and infant schools attended. The results suggest that some existing conclusions about schooling effects may need to be revised.     

扩瞳试验对阿尔茨海默病的预测效应

目的利用扩瞳试验对轻度认知功能损害(Mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者进行研究,了解MCI、阿尔茨海默病(AD)与正常老年人在扩瞳试验结果之间的差异,分析MCI与AD之间的关系,并探讨扩瞳试验是否能作为MCI发展成AD的预测指标。方法收集AD患者30例、MCI患者28例以及健康对照34例。分别进行神经心理学测验和扩瞳试验。比较三组的神经心理学测验和扩瞳试验结果之间的差异。计算扩瞳试验在诊断AD和MCI时的敏感性和特异性。结果MCI组的神经心理学测验都显著好于AD组(P<0.001),但都明显不如正常对照组(P<0.001)。AD患者和MCI患者在滴入扩瞳剂后,瞳孔直径明显扩大,与NC组有显著差异(P值分别为P<0.05,P<0.001),而AD组与MCI组之间则无统计学上的差异(P>0.05)。扩瞳试验诊断AD的敏感性和特异性分别为60.0%和67.65%,诊断MCI的敏感性和特异性分别为71.43%和67.65%。结论扩瞳试验可以将MCI患者和AD患者、与正常老年人区别开来,可以作为MCI和AD的一个筛选诊断标志。MCI是AD与正常衰老之间的过渡状态;MCI患者是AD的高危人群...     

程朱学脉中朱子的自我身份认同

朱子为二程三传弟子,这是历史的事实,但朱子晚年建构道统谱系时以二程＂私淑＂自处。回顾朱子早年求索的历程,可以了解＂私淑＂二字背后所隐藏的深意：朱子最早受学于韦斋和三先生,但他们含混儒释疆域的学风在延平那里被否定,以朱子后来对儒释之辩的敏感,自不能承认由韦斋及三先生可以上通二程之真精神;延平虽严辨儒释之分,但工夫入路偏于...     

The complexity of school and neighbourhood effects and movements of pupils on school differences in models of educational achievement

Summary.  Traditional studies of school differences in educational achievement use multilevel modelling techniques to take into account the nesting of pupils within schools. However, educational data are known to have more complex non-hierarchical structures. The potential importance of such structures is apparent when considering the effect of pupil mobility during secondary schooling on educational achievement. Movements of pupils between schools suggest that we should model pupils as belonging to the series of schools that are attended and not just their final school. Since these school moves are strongly linked to residential moves, it is important to explore additionally whether achievement is also affected by the history of neighbourhoods that are lived in. Using the national pupil database, this paper combines multiple membership and cross-classified multilevel models to explore simultaneously the relationships between secondary school, primary school, neighbourhood and educational achievement. The results show a negative relationship between pupil mobility and achievement, the strength of which depends greatly on the nature and timing of these moves. Accounting for pupil mobility also reveals that schools and neighbourhoods are more important than shown by previous analysis. A strong primary school effect appears to last long after a child has left that phase of schooling. The additional effect of neighbourhoods, in contrast, is small. Crucially, the rank order of school effects across all types of pupil is sensitive to whether we account for the complexity of the multilevel data structure.