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This study examined the links among parents' interaction styles, their children's social information processing, and peer acceptance. Fourth‐grade children (N = 159) and their parents were observed during family discussions. One year later peer acceptance and children's information processing choices (goals, strategies, and attributions) in response to social dilemmas involving their parents and peers were assessed. Fathers' interaction styles with their children predicted both girls' and boys' information processing in regard to their fathers and peers, which, in turn, were related to peer acceptance. Mothers' interactive styles with their children predicted children's social information processing in regard to parents and peers and peer acceptance in similar ways, but only for girls. This study provided evidence that parent–child interaction is linked to children's information processing concerning their relationships with parents and peers and in turn with children being liked by peers. The implications of a social information processing approach for understanding family–peer links are emphasized. 相似文献
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郁震 《北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版)》2015,(2):114-120
大学英语的网络自主学习正在各个高校广泛开展,对于网络自主学习进行研究也是为了更好地促进学生自主学习的发展,但对该领域的研究存在一些问题,如论文的理论框架部分较少引用最新理论,某些实验研究中存在逻辑缺失之处,即不同实验组别之间没有同等的实验条件,这都会对研究得到正确结论产生不利影响。此外,在实验设计中一些研究过于注重比较学生的成绩等,而这些并不是国家推行网络自主学习的目的所在。网络自主学习的目的是为了促进学生自主学习能力的发展,从某种程度上说,自主学习本身就是目的,因此,不应该用成绩来苛求网络自主学习。衡量网络自主学习是否成功,用质的方法更为合适。 相似文献
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Armand M. Nicholi Jr. M.D. 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(6):252-257
Abstract The rate of increase in the use of cocaine among college students has been greater even than the increase in the use of marijuana during the past ten years. Nationwide surveys indicate that 9 million Americans within the 18–25 age group, or 28.7%, have used cocaine. This compares with 2.9 million, or 9.1%, just a decade ago. The history of cocaine begins with the history of the coca plant. Even prior to the inca period the plant was used in South America; for centuries use of the plant remained restricted primarily to that continent. In 1859, an Austrian explorer brought home from Peru coca leaves that he sent to the University of Gottigen where Dr. Albert Niemann extracted and purified a crystalline compound he called cocaine. Several prominent physicians including Sigmund Freud and William Halsted, the father of modern surgery, experimented with cocaine on themselves and on their patients. Their published observations helped effect widespread use of cocaine in patent medicines, tonics, wines, and soft drinks. That earlier epidemic and the rest of the long and colorful history of cocaine brings into perspective the current epidemic of cocaine use. “Mild Hypertension: When and How to Treat,” NORMAN H. KAPLAN. “Early and aggressive” drug therapy for mild hypertension, now widely prescribed in the United States, may be inappropriate for many of the 30 million patients with this condition. Although all of these patients are at greater risks of premature cardiovascular disease, the risks are manifested neither quickly nor uniformly. Drug therapy has not proved beneficial for patients with a diastolic (D) BP reading below 100 mm Hg, particularly those patients who are otherwise at low risk. Those antihypertensive drugs that are available now carry risks along with their benefits. Therefore, persons with mild hypertension who are at low risk should be encouraged to use nondrug therapies for at least six to 12 months. If their DBP remains below 100 mm Hg, they may be better off than if they were given drugs. The drug used in initial therapy has usually been a diuretic. For many patients, however, an adrenergic inhibitor may be a more appropriate choice. (Archives of Internal Medicine, 1983;143:255–259) “Persistence of Normal BP After Withdrawal of Drug Treatment in Mild Hypertension,” PAUL D. LEVINSON, IBRAHIM M. KHATRI, EDWARD D. FREIS. Antihypertensive therapy was discontinued in 24 patients with mild hypertension whose BPs had been well controlled with diuretics alone. Eleven patients (46%) maintained normal diastolic BPs (≤ 90 mm Hg) for six months after stopping treatment and five patients (21%) for 12 months. All patients who remained normotensive for six to 12 months had mean diastolic BPs of 82 mm Hg or less during treatment. There was no signficant correlation between maintenance of normotension and any of the following: pretreatment BP, presence of target-organ damage, duration of known hypertension, family history of hypertension, heart size, body weight, weight gain after stopping diuretic therapy, 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion, serum electrolyte values or renin profile. This study demonstrates that hypertension may be favorably modified, sometimes for many months, by effective antihypertensive treatment. (Archives of Internal Medicine 1982;142:2265–2268) 相似文献
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《Journal of gerontological social work》2013,56(1-2):161-162
No abstract available for this article. 相似文献
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Preschool-aged children's responses to unfairness and subsequent sharing behavior in dyadic contexts
Recent research implicates the importance of social and contextual factors in children's fair behavior. Here, we explored the social and emotional influences that might contribute to fair behavior in young children. We examined 79 pairs of 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 158; 85 female; M = 4.3 years; Range = 3.03–5.54) in a naturalistic sharing interaction to measure their verbal, emotional, and behavioral responses to an unfair distribution of rewards, as well as their subsequent sharing behavior. Children who received fewer rewards responded verbally, behaviorally, and emotionally as predicted, protesting the unfair distribution. However, children who received more rewards either failed to notice their partner's responses, or they failed to consider these responses when given the chance to behave prosocially and correct the unfair distribution. The only cue that predicted prosociality was a negative affective response from the disadvantaged peer. 相似文献
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