三江源搬迁牧民的后续生计和就业类型--基于格尔木昆仑民族文化村的调查

自2004年开始的青海三江源地区的生态移民受到国内外关注，而其后续生计或后续产业发展问题尤其得到学术界和政府部门的持续关注和研究。笔者以位于格尔木市南郊的昆仑民族文化村为例，详细分析搬迁牧民的就业类型变化与迁出地即老家的经济联系，牧民收入和支出结构及特征。本文作者及其研究团队先后对昆仑民族文化村进行过4次调查，我们主要根据课题组2007年9月对该村86户牧民家庭的抽样调查和2008年该村168户家庭331人的劳务输出的统计分析，2012年7月对该村就业情况的补充调查资料，主要采用定量研究配合定性分析，探讨三江源生态移民搬迁牧民的就业类型和家庭收入差距。     

Job relocation,sources of stress,and sense of home

The social impact of job relocation on families is explored in this research. Based on interviews with 60 persons, who also share the experiences of spouses and children, this study suggests that job relocation is potentially harmful to families. Those who relocate initially experience two varieties of stress: operational stress, resulting from the new job and setting-up activities in the new community, and emotional stress resulting from family-related activities. It was found that those who relocate for work often face forced self-reliance, a lack of family support, and an increase in family demands, although the overall stress was reduced for persons taking white-collar or professional positions because of employer assistance. It was found that much of the initial stress dissipated with time, and when asked to reflect on their experiences most recast the initially difficult time as an endured challenge or learning experience. A vibrant 'sense of home', based on fond memories and people who care about them, served as an anchor for many of those studied. Strong evidence was found of a continued search for one's roots among many of the persons studied, especially those who were older who spoke of being adrift and of pursuing things at the expense of home and family while away. Many persons chose to return to their 'home' area, to work or retire, seeking to be near what was important in their lives. Cette recherche traite de l'impact social sur les familles du déménagement nécessité par un nouveau travail. Basée sur des entretiens avec soixante personnes qui partagent aussi les expériences des conjoints et des enfants, cette étude suggère qu'un tel déménagement est potentiellement nuisible aux familles. Ceux qui déménagent éprouvent tout d'abord deux sortes de stress: le stress operationnel resultant du nouveau travail et des efforts pour s'installer dans la nouvelle communauté, et le stress émotionnel dÛ aux activités familiales. Nous avons constaté que ceux qui déménagent à cause du travail doivent souvent faire face à une nouvelle autonomie inattendue, une absence du soutien familial habituel et une augmentation des exigences de la famille nucléaire, mais il faut noter que le stress total à été reduit pour les professionnels grâce à l'aide des employeurs. Nous avons constaté aussi que la plupart du stress initial se dissipe à la longue et que presque tous les sujets revoient cette période difficile comme un défi subi ou une expérience éducative. Ce qui a servi comme facteur stabilisant pour bien des sujets c'était leur très fort sentiment d'appartenir à un groupe familial, sentiment basésur les chers souvenirs de la famille. Nous avons également découvert l'évidence que beaucoup de sujets eétudieés continuent à reéchercher leurs racines familiales, surtout ceux qui eétaient plus âgés et qui disaient que pendant leur absence il ressentaient mal leur isolation ainsi que la recherche futile des choses. Beaucoup parmi eux ont choisi de rentrer dans leur région pour travailler ou prendre leur retraite, voulant être proches de ce qui fut important dans leur vie.     

运动型治理视野下易地扶贫搬迁问题研究———基于西部地区X市的调研

起始于20世纪80年代的易地扶贫搬迁,对于减轻生态压力和贫困人口的减贫发展都起到重要作用,是中国扶贫经验的重要组成部分。 在脱贫攻坚新时期,易地扶贫搬迁成为精准脱贫“五个一批”的维度之一,承担起1000万贫困人口脱贫的任务。 此次易地扶贫搬迁“时间紧、任务重、难度大冶的特征突出,凸显出较为典型的“运动型治理冶属性,这一治理方式与常规治理方式相互作用,表现出对“搬得出”的短期目标的高度有效性,但是在“稳得住、能致富”的长期目标上存在着一定的限度,需要在实践中不断完善,以增强这一治理方式的社会有效性。     

抗战时期浙江省政府南迁对国统区农业生产的影响

抗战期间,浙江省政府及其附属机构先后迁至永康方岩及旧府属处州各地.它们的迁移对浙省国统区的政治、经济、文化产生了深刻的影响.其中在农业方面,不但推动了中心农场、农业推广区和改进区的建立,而且在粮食生产的指导、农业技术和优良品种的推广及农田水利的兴修方面也产生了积极的作用.     

The quest for residential normalcy by older adults: Relocation but one pathway

This paper constructs a holistic emotion-based theoretical model identifying various pathways by which older adults can occupy residential environments that are congruent with their needs and goals. The model equates this individual-environment fittingness or “residential normalcy” with older persons having favorable or positive emotion-based residential experiences that have relevance to them. Older persons are theorized as being in their residential comfort zones when they experience overall pleasurable, hassle-free, and memorable feelings about where they live; and in their residential mastery zones when they occupy places in which they feel overall competent and in control. When older persons are out of either (or both) of these experiential zones, they are expected to initiate accommodative and/or assimilative forms of coping to achieve residential normalcy. The former are mind strategies by which they change their residential goals or assessments, mollify their negative emotional experiences, or engage in denial behaviors; the latter are action strategies, by which they change their activities or modify their residential settings. Moving to a new address is the most studied and prominent assimilative coping strategy, but also the one that requires the most strenuous adaptive efforts. The model theorizes that older persons move only under certain conditions.     

The relation of economic factors to perceived stress in mobile families

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between objective and subjective measures of economic well-being, amount of and satisfaction with control, and perceived stress level of subjects, who have relocated with their families within the past year. Both males and females indicate more stress if their financial condition is worse following the move than before, if their employment status is not satisfying, and when they have little control over their lives and are not satisfied with their level of control. Stress is negatively related to satisfaction with the specific aspects of economic situation studied for both males and females with limited exception.Peggy S. Berger received her Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University. She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Consumer Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Her research interests include socioeconomic issues related to geographic mobility and to gender, and work and family issues.Judith Powell received her Ph.D. from Oklahoma State University. She is a Professor of Child and Family Studies, and Head of the Department of Home Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071. Her research interests include parent-child relations and effects of relocation on families.Alicia Skinner Cook received her Ph.D. from Arizona State University. She is a Professor in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Her research interests include grief and loss issues, family stress, and adjustment to relocation.     

All That Our Eyes Have Witnessed:

No abstract available for this article.     

“个体化”转向与农村库区移民的风险意识构建

个体化社会把个体转变为自我社会生活的书写者。脱嵌于传统迫使个体的选择与判断依赖于自我决定,人的个体特性从"给定"转变为"即时性",不确定性急剧增加。搬迁导致了传统的销蚀或断裂,个体化社会致使移民的无根感与社会适应自我中心化,而客观参照体系的缺失使其重新嵌入面临着恐惧与迷失的风险。风险的应对首先依赖于移民个体对自我与他者关系范畴的理性认知,但由于个体化转向消解了传统与权威体系,自下而上的路径成为移民重新嵌入的选择。     

Improved governance of Indian school system through school consolidation

Formal education is provided in schools that should be accessible to citizens, facilitating them to reach the schools with ease, safety and without travelling too large a distance. The requirement of accessibility, however, brings into consideration the corresponding cost and resource utilization. There exists a vast school network in India, with many schools established under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program. However, the existence of too many schools, mostly low in enrolment, is creating problems in terms of quality of teaching and infrastructural facilities offered by these schools. This trade-off between large size schools having good infrastructure and conducive ecosystem, and many small schools deprived of it, can be addressed by appropriate school consolidation. The current study presents a mathematical programming model for school consolidation that aims to minimize the total disruption and transfer the students to an alternative school considering the school network. The model is then applied to a case for a district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Various scenario runs have been done to come out with the appropriate policy parameters for the given district and the results are highly encouraging. The model and analysis can be replicated as well as customized according to the needs of different states.     

现代教育技术条件下教师角色的再定位

录像、幻灯、电视、电子计算机等现代教育媒体在教育教学上的广泛运用 ,使教学技术不断现代化 ,出现了教学机器 ,产生了人机对话 ,增加了人类相互交流的机会 ,并对教育观念、教学过程、教学方法、教学结构、教学组织形式等产生全新的影响。同时 ,对传统教师角色产生强烈的冲击和深刻的影响。从现代教育技术发展层面探讨教师角色新的补充与定位是一个重要的课题。