Multivariate distributions defined in terms of contours

The paper deals with the problem of using contours as the basis for defining probability distributions. First, the most general probability densities with given contours are obtained and the particular cases of circular and elliptical contours are dealt with. It is shown that the so-called elliptically contoured distributions do not include all possible cases. Next, the case of contours defined by polar coordinates is analyzed including its simulation and parameter estimation. Finally, the case of cumulative distribution functions with given contours is discussed. Several examples are used for illustrative purposes.     

Sustainable supply chain management and the transition towards a circular economy: Evidence and some applications

In the last decades, green and sustainable supply chain management practices have been developed, trying to integrate environmental concerns into organisations by reducing unintended negative consequences on the environment of production and consumption processes. In parallel to this, the circular economy discourse has been propagated in the industrial ecology literature and practice. Circular economy pushes the frontiers of environmental sustainability by emphasising the idea of transforming products in such a way that there are workable relationships between ecological systems and economic growth. Therefore, circular economy is not just concerned with the reduction of the use of the environment as a sink for residuals but rather with the creation of self-sustaining production systems in which materials are used over and over again.Through two case studies from different process industries (chemical and food), this paper compares the performances of traditional and circular production systems across a range of indicators. Direct, indirect and total lifecycle emissions, waste recovered, virgin resources use, as well as carbon maps (which provide a holistic visibility of the entire supply chain) are presented. The paper asserts that an integration of circular economy principles within sustainable supply chain management can provide clear advantages from an environmental point view. Emerging supply chain management challenges and market dynamics are also highlighted and discussed.     

Some new constructions of circular balanced repeated measurements designs

Repeated measurements designs are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences, and psychology. In this article, some infinite series are developed to generate the balanced repeated measurements designs for p (periods) even. For p odd, construction procedures are also described. Catalogues of the proposed designs are also presented for p = 5, 7, 9, when v ≤ 100.     

类矩形双肢钝体涡致振动和气动抑振机理

针对具有类矩形双肢钝体断面拱肋的大跨度拱桥在风洞试验过程易出现大幅涡激振动问题，沿拱肋模型表面进行动态风压同步测量及基于POD算法的本征气动力荷载分布模式分解，获得了涡振发生时对于周期性涡激力具有最大贡献的气动力荷载作用位置，初步揭示出此类断面涡激动发生时的局部气动力荷载作用机制。以上海卢浦大桥和肇庆西江特大桥此类具有双肢钝体断面拱桥为工程实例，结合涡激气动力沿拱肋周向时空气分布特征，提出并以二维悬吊节段模型风洞试验验证了拱肋断面多种有针对性的气动控制措施；结合实际桥梁拱肋的三维空间效应，利用全桥气弹模型     

DMD系统的环形光栅的设计和制作

本文讨论了基于数字微镜系统(DMD)的环形光栅的设计和制作方法。利用DMD系统,我们可以制作出低成本、半径可调的环形光栅,为使其集成到微光机电系统提供了一种可能。通过实验,我们获得了最大外半径为42.7μm的环形光栅。     

发展循环经济是我国解决能源危机的必由之路

本文对我国目前的经济发展方式进行了深刻的反思，指出了目前这种经济增长方式的主要问题在于高投入、高污染、低效益的粗放型发展道路，造成了环境的严重污染和资源的极大浪费和消耗，尽管也带来了经济的增长和人们生活水平的提高，但也付出了沉重的代价，因此作为科学发展观的循环经济就成为我国经济增长方式改变的不二选择。本文对循环经济给予了具体的解释，并指出了循环经济的好处和作用，以及发展循环经济中需要解决的问题。     

Bayesian inference for circular distributions with unknown normalising constants

Very often, the likelihoods for circular data sets are of quite complicated forms, and the functional forms of the normalising constants, which depend upon the unknown parameters, are unknown. This latter problem generally precludes rigorous, exact inference (both classical and Bayesian) for circular data.Noting the paucity of literature on Bayesian circular data analysis, and also because realistic data analysis is naturally permitted by the Bayesian paradigm, we address the above problem taking a Bayesian perspective. In particular, we propose a methodology that combines importance sampling and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) in a very effective manner to sample from the posterior distribution of the parameters, given the circular data. With simulation study and real data analysis, we demonstrate the considerable reliability and flexibility of our proposed methodology in analysing circular data.     

Trait-Based Personality Theory,Ontogenic Behavioral Continuity,and Behavior Analysis

Abstract

SHACKLETON'S WAY: LEADERSHIP LESSONS FROM THE GREAT ANTARCTIC EXPLORER. by Morrell, M. and Capparell, S. (2001). New York: Penguin, 215 pp. Reviewed by Philip N. Chase.     

中部地区发展循环经济的对策研究

目前,我国中部地区在全国经济发展格局中呈现出发展水平低于东部,发展速度慢于西部的“塌陷”态势。针对这一情况,中央把中部崛起作为一个国家经济发展的重大战略提出来。中部地区要发展必须彻底改变传统经济的发展模式,而采用循环经济发展模式。通过对中部地区的经济社会现状进行分析,指出其发展循环经济的迫切性;得出其发展循环经济的相应对策。     

京津冀生态环境建设：现状、问题与应对

以一座钢管混凝土连续梁拱组合单线铁路桥为工程背景,采用先整体后局部的两步分析法,首先利用Midas/Civil软件建立全桥有限元模型,计算拱肋安装及后续施工阶段结构的受力状态,得到局部模型的力边界条件;然后利用ANSYS软件建立拱脚结点局部有限元模型,分析施工期间拱脚结点的局部应力分布规律和应力集中程度;最后将拱脚结点应力计算值与实测值进行比较。结果表明,拱肋与梁体间传力顺畅,拱脚混凝土基本处于受压状态;拱脚内侧与箱梁顶板交界处应力集中现象较明显;拱脚上部拱肋周围、拱脚前脚趾处及两拱脚之间箱梁顶板的局部区域出现较大的拉应力,建议在同类桥梁的设计中加强这些部位的构造措施和配筋。拱脚结点应力计算值与实测值比较接近,说明用实体有限元模型计算的局部应力是可靠的,可用于设计验算。