Transformer in navigation: Diverse government roles for open innovation in China's high-speed rail

Based on a longitudinal case study of China's high-speed rail embedded in the emerging economy context, we focus on what role the government plays and how that matters to open innovation (OI) for competitive advantage. By linking the OI literature with the national political institutions literature to motivate our research question, we propose a statist-based OI view to differentiate diverse government roles, investigating how government adopts roles in a combined way to push OI in stages. Our findings suggest that government is an important strategic decision-maker for OI. Specifically, the government plays various roles as commander, protector, cultivator, and intermediator, reflecting state activism derived from national political institutions, to construct institutional-level OI for domestic OI activities, and inbound and outbound OI across national borders. We find government can deliberately and strategically use its diverse roles in a combined way to push OI for competitive advantage through the industrial evolutionary process over time. Our study contributes to the OI literature and integrates the strategic management literature with the study of OI to provide new insights to explain the origins of competitive advantage from the state perspective.     

先秦的“法治”思想和实践考量

先秦法家在与儒家“礼治”的争论中提出“法治”思想,并与战国时期富国强兵的国家策略结合,变法图存的“法治”实践此起彼伏。其中最为成功的是秦国的商鞅变法,秦国由此迅速崛起并最终吞并六国,建立起统一的封建国家。秦帝国的建立是“法治”思想和实践的里程碑,大秦将集权专制和“法治”相互糅合,将法家重刑思想发展到极端,走向了崇尚暴力和滥刑滥杀的野蛮恐怖境地,导致天下怨叛,秦王朝二世而亡,君权至上最终将法治引向了集权专制的死胡同。     

抗战前十年南京国民政府的禁烟禁毒政策

烟毒影响近代中国社会至深且巨 ,南京国民政府自成立之日起便展开对这一社会问题的治理工作。抗战前十年其禁烟政策历经“寓禁于征”、断禁和渐禁三个阶段的演变 ,在禁烟领域作出了自己的努力 ,并取得阶段性成果 ,北洋军阀时期烟毒大泛滥的局面得到基本扼制。     

试述恩琴犯蒙所引发的直奉矛盾斗争

1921年白俄恩琴率军侵入外蒙古,从而引发国内直奉两系军阀一系列的矛盾斗争,使得当时的北洋政府坐失收复外蒙良机,最终导致外蒙从中国分裂出去,进而揭示出北洋军阀置国家疆土于不顾而忙于内争的实质。     

素质教育与高校图书馆的改革

作为教育改革一部分的素质教育是面向未来的教育。高校图书馆要想更好的服务于教育就必须加强图书馆的各项服务,提高内部人员素质,使图书馆成为校园文化中心。     

试论权利的演变及其成本——基于政府实现公共利益能力的视角

无论从任何角度考察，权利都以政府的巨大财政成本作为后盾，否则权利便无从实现。当现代政府的公共利益责任与权利成本发生矛盾时，如何协调二者之间的关系，将权利成本最小化、公共利益最大化，就成为理论界与实务界必须承担的责任。     

Challenge of multi-level governance in developing countries and possible GIS applications

Of the three most prominent issues in governance discourse—the horizontal coordination of markets, government hierarchies and networks, global governance and multi-level governance—this paper argues that the last, developing and sustaining structures of multi-level governance, constitutes the most profound governance challenge for most developing countries.The paper identifies the major forces promoting change in favor of multi-level governance in developing countries. Using the growing literature and comparative national experiences (illustrated with the examples of India, the Philippines, Colombia and Nigeria), it highlights the key achievements of democratic decentralization as well as its nagging problems in these countries. Finally, the paper demonstrates the significance of these developments for democracy and development in these countries and shows some of the ways by which external partners—especially experts associated with the Geographic Information Systems for Developing Countries can assist and possibly benefit from this process.     

“法律基础”课教学法的改革与实践

在法律基础课教学活动中 ,充分强调学生的主体作用 ,鼓励学生参与到每个教学环节。老师首先指出重点 ,引导阅读 ,然后指导学生讨论、讲解 ,最后总结 ,回答提问。其核心思想是教学活动中师生的“互动” ,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力     

南京国民政府时期南洋侨教政策负面影响述评

由于历史和现实的缘故，国民政府十分关注海外华侨尤其南洋华侨的教育，形成了比较完善的华侨教育体系，学校和学生数量呈上升趋势，学生素质也不断提高。然而由于国民政府侨教政策自身固有的弊病，给南洋侨教带来了相当的消极作用，限制了南洋侨教事业的进一步发展。     

美国军队管理革命的开拓者——鲁特

伊莱休·鲁特针对美西战争中暴露出的美军事指挥和军队体制方面的问题，进行了五项改革：1．设立总参谋部；2．设立陆海军联合委员会；3．通过《国防法》，成立国民警卫队；4．对军队编制进行改革；5．军事教育改革。经过改革，美军事统帅体制提高了效率，军队编制趋向合理，为20世纪美国进行新的战争做好了准备。他是美国军事管理革命的开拓者。