中东油气与中国石油发展的战略思考

在当前国际环境下,中国的石油安全战略应是开放和外向型的,其核心思想是“保内争外”,即中国政府应进一步加强对中国石油企业参与国际能源合作的宏观指导和支持;中国石油企业应加强国内油气资源的可持续开发和利用,坚持开展国际能源合作,直面国际博弈。中东国家油气资源丰富,且与中国关系友好,应是中国石油企业对外开展能源合作的首选地区。     

碳强度目标:演进、理由与实现

碳强度目标是关于未来要达到的温室气体排放强度的国家承诺。研究碳强度目标对于认识和实现中国气候承诺具有重要意义。严格性、约束力和覆盖范围是碳强度目标的关键要素。碳强度目标具有坚实的理论基础和深刻的现实背景,至少具有与温室气体数量目标同等重要的地位。降低碳强度需要降低温室气体的边际弹性或国民生产总值的边际碳强度,需要将国家碳强度目标分解到行业和企业,还要建立碳排放交易制度。     

日本“516”毒气部队遗址的现状与保护

“516”毒气部队遗址是侵华日军利用化学毒气武器残害中国人民的重要罪证。“516”毒气部队遗迹的残骸，依然清晰地记录着日本侵略者的罪恶。在日本政府否认侵略战争、右翼势力猖狂活动的今天，保护和开发“516”毒气部队遗址，保留日本军队侵华害人的罪证已刻不容缓，所以必须日军“516”毒气部队旧址进行实质性的有效保护与开发。     

Intergenerational and International Discounting

A discount rate for the consumption of future generations is typically composed of two parts. One is a "pure" time preference for immediate over postponed consumption, the other a declining marginal utility as consumption increases. The costs of greenhouse abatement, however, for at least the first 50 years, will be borne by the developed countries; the benefits will accrue to the presently undeveloped. Pure time preference always relates to one's own consumption; it has no relevance here. Consumption transfers over time will be from richer to poorer, from lower to higher marginal utility. It is a foreign aid program and it ought to have to compete with more direct foreign aid, which can benefit the very poor rather than their much-better-off descendants.     

松辽盆地大安-新肇地区天然气聚集成藏条件研究

分析了大安—新肇地区天然气分布在形式上受构造因素控制而集中在各个鼻状构造的高点或轴部,但不同的鼻状构造上探井天然气显示的不均匀性暗示着本区天然气运聚成藏的复杂性,实际上,控制本区天然气成藏的主要因素是断裂与砂体展布,鼻状构造倾没方向和断裂走向以及砂体变薄与尖灭方向三者的匹配关系决定了本区天然气运聚成藏的难易程度、规模、类型和分布,而断层倾向盘的天然气聚集效应是本区断层控制天然气运聚成藏的重要表现。     

固相萃取气相色谱-质谱联用法测定动物组织中的莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇

通过液液分配和固相萃取提取、净化动物组织中添加的莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇,TMS衍生化试剂BSTFA衍生化,气相色谱-质谱联用对衍生物检测分析,确定了动物组织中莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇的定性、定量分析方法,该法检出限为0.5μg/L,衍生物的峰面积与样品浓度在1μg/L￣1000μg/L范围内都呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数均为0.9998。不同组织中莱克多巴胺加标回收率分别为:肝脏74.8%-85.8%,脂肪71.2%-80.6%,肌肉75.0%-82.7%,肾脏72.0%-82.9%;相对标准偏差为2.3%-5.2%。沙丁胺醇加标回收率分别为肝脏70.5%-76.7%,脂肪72.7%-79.5%,肌肉72.6%-78.5%,肾脏72.5%-75.8%;相对标准偏差为1.8%-5.2%。     

The energy and mass balance of Los Angeles County

We conducted an urban “metabolic” study of inputs and outputs of food, water, energy, and pollutants from Los Angeles County, USA. This region has been the subject of recent debate about the nature of population density and distribution as it relates to urban form and associated environmental impacts. We found that with the exception of food imports and wastewater outputs, inputs of resources and outputs of pollutants generally declined on a per capita basis from 1990 to 2000. Reductions likely reflected a combination of changes in public policy, improvements in technology and public infrastructure, and impacts of increases in population density. However, in comparison to other municipalities and urban regions, resource consumption per capita was still relatively high in some categories, particularly inputs of water and transportation energy. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions were lower in Los Angeles County than for the average of the USA as a whole but higher than previous analyses of urban areas internationally, largely due to comparatively high emissions from the transportation sector. Wastewater discharge accounted for less than 40% of water inputs excluding precipitation; however the partitioning of water outputs through other potential losses, specifically evapotranspiration, runoff, and groundwater recharge, remains highly uncertain. We suggest that more detailed information about water losses will greatly improve future mass and energy accounting for analyses of urban environmental sustainability in this semi-arid region.     

气相色谱仪的应用及发展趋势

气相色谱法是现代分析的主要手段之一。近年来,气相色谱的各个领域都取得长足的进步和发展。本文介绍了气相色谱在药物分析、农药残留分析、环境分析、食品分析、石油和石化分析和化工产品及高聚物分析等领域中的应用,并阐述了气相色谱的发展趋势。     

气相色谱法测定空气中丙二醇的含量

建立气相色谱法测定空气中丙二醇的含量。以乙醇为溶剂,富集空气中的丙二醇,再用DB-FFAP毛细管柱程序升温分离乙醇中的丙二醇,最后计算空气中丙二醇的含量。丙二醇在10.56～105.6μg·mL-1范围内浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9992,n=5),平均回收率范围为98.5%～103.2%,最低检测限为0.106μg·g-1。