Caring for families experiencing stillbirth: Evidence-based guidance for maternity care providers

BackgroundEvidence-based guidance is needed to inform care provided to mothers and families who experience stillbirth. This paper focuses upon how meaningful and culturally appropriate care can be provided to mothers and families from when they are informed that their baby will be stillborn to many years after the experience. Avoidable suffering may be occurring in the clinical setting.AimsTo promote and inform meaningful and culturally appropriate evidence-informed practice amongst maternity care providers caring for mothers and families who experience stillbirth.MethodsA comprehensive systematic review was conducted which primarily synthesised relevant qualitative research studies. An expert advisory group comprised of stillbirth researchers, clinicians, and parents who have experienced stillbirth provided guidance for the review and the development of implications for practice.FindingsGrieving parents want staff to demonstrate sensitivity and empathy, validate their emotions, provide clear, information, and be aware that the timing of information may be distressing. Parents want support and guidance when making decisions about seeing and holding their baby. Sensitivity, respect, collaboration, and information are essential throughout the experience of stillbirth. Culturally appropriate care is important and may require staff to accommodate different cultural practices.ConclusionThe findings of the review and expert consensus inform the provision of meaningful and culturally appropriate care for mothers and families that have experienced stillbirth. Evidence informed implications for practice are provided to guide the actions, communication, and behaviours of maternity care providers.     

Using concept mapping as a planning tool: Child welfare citizen review panels

Citizen Review Panels (CRPs) are groups of citizen volunteers authorized by U.S. federal law to examine state child welfare agencies. These groups inspect policies and practices related to child protection responsibilities and are tasked with making recommendations for systemic improvement. Despite the federal mandate for each state to develop a CRP and the potential of these groups to positively impact child welfare practices, there is a dearth in the literature related to CRPs. Consequently, planning and evaluation processes of these groups vary widely. This study reports on the use of concept mapping (CM) to outline a framework for planning and subsequently evaluating the CRP in one southeastern state. CM is a mixed-method research approach that uses multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses to explore an area of study. Through these analyses, the method creates visual depictions of conceptual relationships between ideas. Data yielded a seven cluster concept map that CRP members (N = 36) utilized for planning processes, and subsequently for developing an internal evaluation tool. Results from this study offer a unifying framework by which CRPs, and similar groups in other areas can utilize for planning and evaluation purposes. After a review of pertinent literature on CRPs, this article explicates CM processes utilized in this study, describes results, discusses lessons learned, and outlines apposite areas for future CRP research.     

战后美国对外援助政策的历史考察

〕关于美国对外援助 ,学者在论述时 ,往往侧重于得出结论性的评价 ,如把美国的对外援助与人权外交结合起来 ,认为美国对外援助尤其是经济援助是推行人权外交的工具 ,体现了美国的霸权主义 ;也有一些学者认为 ,美国提出对外经济援助计划的主要目的是为了维护美国的经济、政治利益 ,它与人权外交的关系不大。美国对外援助政策的提出 ,是美国外交政策的重大突破 ,自此美国人的视野更加开阔 ,对外援助政策是实现美国世界霸权的工具 ,无论何时美国的对外援助政策都是为了维护美国国内经济的持续繁荣 ,国内政策的制定一直是美国政府的中心工作     

清除个人崇拜 增强党内民主

完善党内民主制度是提高党的执政能力的重要内容。中国共产党内曾经产生过严重的个人崇拜,今天仍然发生着不良影响。个人崇拜的危害主要表现为集权、人治、偶像崇拜、思想僵化、破坏党内民主制度。不彻底清除个人崇拜,就不能真正完善党内民主制度,党也就不能率领广大人民群众最终完成建设社会主义现代化强国的宏伟任务。     

论唯物史观的三大基本特征

唯物史观具有三大基本特征, 即: 实践原则与主体性原则的内在一致, 它为唯物史观奠定了彻底的唯物主义理论基础; 历史发展过程的客体制约性与主体创造性的辩证统一, 它为唯物史观赋予了辩证的理论品格; 人的自由解放与历史进程的高度一致, 它使唯物史观获得了明确的价值指向。这三大基本特征有着内在的逻辑联系, 使唯物史观与其它一切历史观从根本上区别开来。     

浅析黎巴嫩内乱的历史根源

教派隔阂和教派政治、列强的争夺和外部势力的插手、殖民者的"分而治之"政策、阿以冲突和巴勒斯坦问题是黎巴嫩内乱的四大历史根源.它们是在漫长的历史中逐步形成并发挥作用的,且呈现出积重难返的态势.要彻底结束黎巴嫩的内乱局面,只有逐步实现四个目标:教派利益服从民族国家利益;排除外部势力的恶性干扰;建立平等友好的黎叙关系;实现黎以关系正常化并最终公正地解决巴勒斯坦问题.     

实践诠释与历史批判——从哲学使命的变革看马克思哲学的历史唯物主义本性

马克思哲学的产生使哲学的使命由解释世界转变为改变世界,这一革命性变革为我们理解和判定马克思哲学的本性提供了可贵的启示实践唯物主义,囿于实践本体论的思维,固守着实践诠释的立场,复归了解释世界的旧辙;历史唯物主义,以其历史性思维透视着人及其实践和世界,以其历史批判的思维特质演历着改变世界的理论使命.只有把马克思哲学的实质与本性归结为历史唯物主义,方可使其改变世界的使命得以昭示和实现.     

高效液相色谱—核磁共振联用技术

本文简要地综述了高效液相色谱与核磁共振联用技术,并列举了该技术在药物、天然产物以及异构体研究中的应用。     

历史语言研究所学人的史料观——解读1928～1948年的《历史语言研究所集刊》

历史语言研究所作为中国现代学术的一个重镇,在研究模式、方法、体制以及理论方面多所创新,而目前学术界对这一学术群体的关照和研究尚不多见.本文试图从史学理论的角度,对该群体的史料观念进行解析.文章共分三部分,首先从宏观上论述史语所学者治史中的共性;其次通过对《史语所集刊》的解读,从微观上剖析、归纳出其史料观;最后评述史语所在求实、创新的观念支配下所取得的史学成就.     

世纪辉煌的地域文化背景呈示——"浙江潮"文学现象研究之一

"浙江潮"文学现象对中国20世纪文学的发展极具观照意义,而就其"生成"原因看,则显然是这个地域积淀深厚的历史文化传统所致,对此作深入探讨,必将有助于文学历史经验的总结。