Scaling the prestige,authority, and income potential of college curricula

This paper develops the concept of “targeted education,” a theoretical ranking of college curricula, into a multidimensional framework. The new scales, based on the traditional stratification dimensions, prestige, authority, and income, are then used in a study of sex differences in the process of occupational achievement among men and women with college degrees. The targeted education scales predict occupational prestige and wages 7 years after the college degree, and they point out interesting differences between male and female attainment processes. In general, targeted education has a greater quantitative impact for men's occupational outcomes than for women's prestige and income, but results also suggest significant qualitative differences between men and women. A large proportion of women target their education toward, and end up in, an under-employed labor pool for the primary and secondary school system.     

Capital as the lens that Bourdieu Pierres through: Public relations,social theory,and rhetoric

In this paper, I explore the limitations of Bourdieu’s “capital” with the help of Burke’s four master tropes: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. Both Bourdieu and Burke were concerned with theoretical reductionism. I claim that Bourdieu could not help but be reductive insofar as his metaphor of capital became the totalizing lens through which he understood society. First, I review Bourdieu’s forms of capital, noting how capital serves as the sine qua non of his theory of practice. Second, I situate Bourdieu within the PR literature. Third, I read Bourdieu’s “capital” through Burke’s (1941) four master tropes. Reading Bourdieu through Burke enables PR scholars to better understand the limitations in Bourdieu’s terminology, which leads to debunking, materialist reductionism, and relativism. I conclude with implications for future research adopting Bourdieusian and Burkean approaches to public relations.     

继承与创新：沃尔兹新现实主义理论定位再探讨

肯尼思·沃尔兹的新现实主义是国际政治研究的里程碑,但学界对这一里程碑含义的理解可能存在偏差。这一理论不是国际政治研究科学化的起点,而是对古典现实主义核心论点的历史性再诠释。沃尔兹和其他古典现实主义者一样认为人的理性能力存在限度,相信实力对比是进行利益划分的客观依据,劝告政治家遵行责任伦理。古典现实主义者与沃尔兹之间的差异并没有想象的大,古典现实主义者也强调安全,他们发现国际政治中存在着安全困境,追求过多权力会导致不安全,国家追求权力应适可而止。古典现实主义者还发现世界政治中因果关系非常复杂,事件的结果绝少和当事者的动机一致,“事与愿违”是政治中的常态,这与沃尔兹强调的“系统效应”相似。新古典现实主义者试图将沃尔兹的理论进一步科学化,他们希望结合结构变量与单元变量,提出更科学的理论解释、预测国家的行为,这不仅误解了沃尔兹,也背离了现实主义传统。     

肯尼斯·雷克思罗斯的诗歌与禅宗文化

21世纪的世界大同主义和多元文化潮流的涌现,使得国内学者开始更多地关注"垮掉派之父"———美国后现代派诗人肯尼斯.雷克思罗斯及其多姿多彩的诗歌。雷克思罗斯丰富的个人经历和美国20世纪50年代的社会背景使他转向东方禅宗去寻求解脱。他与禅宗文化的不解因缘,促使他在其瑰丽的诗歌当中多次呈现了悠远而空灵的禅宗意境。体味到孤独、寂寞的雷克思罗斯,在禅境中得以顿悟,从而对生命的律动和灿然有着自己独到的体悟。     

On the intrinsic force of convergence to stability∗

Observed populations differ greatly in the speed with which they approach the stable form, but what determines rates of convergence is not fully understood. The present paper shows that the force of convergence does not approach a fixed value, but oscillates indefinitely around an “intrinsic”; level. That level, h?, is determined by the square of the ratio of the 2 largest eigenvalues of the Leslie matrix. The value of h? can be closely approximated by a simple function that changes directly with the square of the coefficient of variation and inversely with the mean of the stable net maternity function. Population entropy, another measure of dispersion relative to the mean, is also highly correlated with h?.     

从陌生到熟悉：雷克思罗斯研究在中国

美国当代著名诗人肯尼斯·雷克思罗斯在20世纪五六十年代的“旧金山文艺复兴”运动和“垮掉派”文学流派的形成过程中起到了重要作用。他的诗歌带有浓厚的东方色彩和多元文化的倾向,但由于国内研究资料的匮乏,学者对雷克思罗斯及其诗歌的认识和研究还停留在边缘化阶段。文章在综述“垮掉派”文学流派的国内研究基础上,侧重介绍雷克思罗斯诗歌在中国的译介情况,概括其国内研究的特点和拓展方向,以期有更多的学者参与到雷氏诗歌的研究当中来。     

肯尼斯·雷克思罗斯的诗歌翻译观

在郑燕虹＂肯尼斯·雷克思罗斯的‘同情’诗歌翻译观＂的基础上全面深入地讨论肯尼斯·雷克思罗斯的诗歌翻译思想。郑文认为＂同情＂是雷氏诗歌翻译观的要旨,但没有指出是什么要素支撑着＂同情＂观,因此对＂同情＂的认识有欠深刻。从＂诗人即译者＂和＂罗马诗译论＂两篇文章的系统观点来看,雷氏的＂同情＂诗歌翻译观是建立在＂灵感＂和＂平等＂这两个要素上的。作者和译者都是靠灵感进行诗歌创作和翻译的,他们之间其实没有主与仆的区别。非但如此,在雷氏看来,创作也是一种翻译,由此作者也成了译者,译出语也化为译入语。随着作者和译出语概念的消解,译者之间和译语之间实现了平等。雷氏的观点改变了传统译学的理论格局,具有创新意义。     

影响的焦虑 滑稽的外衣——纽约派诗人肯尼斯·科克评介

纽约诗派是二战后美国诗坛的重要流派,作为代表人物,肯尼斯·科克曾长期不被主流评论界所看好。科克往往被认为是个喜剧诗人,诗风荒诞、大胆,然而,在艾略特和新批评一统天下的时代背景下,其作品却极富创新精神,"影响的焦虑"在科克的诗中得到了最直接的体现;其先锋艺术创作最常采用的文学样式是"戏仿"。戏仿在后现代语境下的重要性越来越得以呈现,这正验证了科克超前的艺术创造力。     

Ritualistic sacrifice in crisis communication: A case for eliminating scapegoating from the crisis/apologia lexicon

The crisis strategy of scapegoating has been part of the crisis and image restoration lexicon for more than four decades. And yet, the practice of scapegoating is a well-known unethical practice that simply deflects deserved blame from one party to a sacrificial other. This essay critiques the “Primary Crisis Response” strategy of scapegoating, conducting an historical and ethical critique of the crisis strategy, and concludes that scapegoating should be removed from the public relations crisis and image restoration lexicon.