汉语惯用语系统的分析与运用举隅

惯用语是口语中表达整体意思的短小定性的习惯用语,广泛的存在于人类的语言当中,以简短的形式包含了丰富的内容。本文从语义、语法、语用三个层面对汉语惯用语系统进行分析并对其在第二语言教学中的处理原则进行了探讨。     

Sociolinguistic interaction and identity construction: The view from game‐theoretic pragmatics

Understanding the dynamics that characterize interaction between conversational participants is a fundamental goal of most theories of socially conditioned language use and identity construction through language. In this paper, I outline a class of formal tools that, I suggest, can be helpful in making progress towards this goal. More precisely, this paper explores how Bayesian signalling game models can be used to formalize key aspects of current sociolinguistic theories, and, in doing so, contribute to our knowledge of how speakers use their linguistic resources to communicate information and carve out their place in the social world. The Bayesian framework has become increasingly popular for the analysis of pragmatic phenomena of many different types, and, more generally, these models have become a dominant paradigm for the explanation of non‐linguistic cognitive processes. As such, I argue that this approach has the potential to yield a formalized theory of personal and social identity construction and to situate the study of sociolinguistic interaction within a broader theory of rationalistic cognition.     

从语用学的角度分析英语委婉语

委婉语不仅是一种替代禁忌语的修辞形式,也是进行策略表达的语言形式。从社会语用学角度看,委婉语是语言交际中维系人们的社会关系和人际关系的重要手段。委婉语具有间接性、模糊性、可变性的语用特征,委婉语具有避讳功能、礼貌功能、掩饰功能、美化功能。要根据语境来正确、合理、得体地使用英语委婉语。     

从语用学角度看俄语委婉语的表达方式

委婉语是人类赖以维系社会关系和人际关系的重要手段。文章拟从语用学角度,运用间接言语行为理论,研究请求、拒绝、评价、建议以及邀请等委婉语的表达方式;基于礼貌原则和合作原则,探讨俄语委婉语表达中违背量、违背质、违背关系、违背方式准则以及应遵守的得体、慷慨和谦逊、赞誉、一致、同情准则,旨在深入地了解中俄文化的差异,避免跨文化交际中不必要的文化冲突。     

Pragmatics of Self- and Other-Reference in Young Children

During the first years of life, children come to understand and talk about a self separate from others. This study examined self- and other-reference and communicative intents expressed by children and parents in dyadic interaction at 14, 20 and 32 months. Research questions included whether children's early use of self- and other-reference pronouns occurred for expression of particular communicative intents, how use changed with age, and whether parent and child pragmatic expressions of self and other were similar. Results showed that children's early explicit reference to self tended to take the form of I rather than me/my/mine, and was used primarily in making statements about their intended actions, in making requests or proposals to their parents and in stating propositions about the world around them. Children during this developmental period were only beginning to refer to the present other with the pronoun you and these instances occurred primarily in making requests or proposals. Despite age-related increases in pronominal forms and intents, a small set of intents continued to provide the context for most self- and other-reference pronouns. In the communicative contexts in which they explicitly refer to self and other, children did not appear to exclusively mirror those which were observed in parental speech.     

语用学维度:人工智能框架问题与自然语言理解

语用学的基本理论有助于从语言的本质在于使用的角度来理解智能,为人工智能的框架问题提供哲学的视域和分析方法。现代人工智能的符号逻辑研究框架在哲学意义上具有脱离经验的根本局限性,联结论研究框架实质上与此相同。人工智能的框架问题研究需要奠基于"自然机制"为内核、"算法机制"为辅的哲学纲领。现代自然语言理解的句法和语义研究是脱离使用者与语境知识而处于指称层次的片面理解,而只有基于语用学层次的理解才是完整的。     

从语用角度分析《潜伏》中主要人物余则成的性格

红色谍战剧《潜伏》在全国创造了高牧视率,其成功的背后有一个重要的因素,那就是其独特的语言魅力。在此从语用角度对《潜伏》中的对话片段进行了分析,其中运用了语用学中的会话含义理论及Sperber和Wilson的关联理论,从而反应了《潜伏》中主要人物余则成的性格特点：     

哈贝马斯的普遍语用学

介绍和评述哈贝马斯的语言哲学普遍语用学的研究任务、基本特征、理论依据及交往理性.哈贝马斯是通过借鉴当代语言学理论和分析哲学的观点,提出了研究言语行为理论的普遍语用学,为其交往行为理论奠定了哲学基础,并由此实现了法兰克福批判理论的语言论转向.     

中国语用学研究范式的自觉、批评与优化

由日本语用学家Sachiko Ide等自2007年提出的解放语用学范式尝试挣脱西方语用学理论体系的束缚,为中国语用学研究范式的凝练与更新提供了重要参考。因此,系统地研究解放语用学产生的背景、架构及其运作,具有一定的学科观照意义,也是进一步结合当前国际和国内语用学发展态势,开展中国语用学当下境遇与未来走向的客观批评与提升文化自觉性的重要前提。具体来说,第一,解放语用学的目的与原则可以看作中国语用学研究范式自觉的起点;第二,解放语用学的范式与应用可以看作中国语用学研究范式批评的重点;第三,解放语用学的价值与启示可以看作中国语用学研究范式优化的焦点。上述几点共同展示了中国语用学学者向国际语用学界贡献中国智慧、中国理念、中国方案的可能路径。     

香港语用现状分析

语用的研究应该是社会、语言、人三位一体的研究，人既是语用的操纵者，也是语用的服从者。人在语用中的“二重性”阐释使语言本质的说明更显具象性。本文在对香港语用现状的分析中，由行为表层而至意识深层来揭示人类交际活动底层所蕴含的人文心理，进一步实证语言的独特性乃在于其社会性和人文性的统一。双语制（或多语制）态势下的语言异化进程具有其多面性及复杂性，而香港语用现象的现实，则是研究语言本质的实例之一。