数字媒介下文本概念的嬗变

现阶段,“文本”已成为了人文学科的重要概念,而随着计算机及网络技术的发展,文本含义在数字语境下也发生了巨大的变化.文本概念的流变,大体上经历了古典文本观、结构主义文本观到解构主义文本观等过程.在短短的不到一个世纪的过程中,文本的内涵和外延均已发生了重要的变化,经历了从封闭到开放、从静止到动态、从线性到网状、从语言到事件、从文本到互文到超文本的等一系列的嬗变.     

SPECIAL ISSUE： ONLINE LITERATURE IN CHINA： PRESENT SITUATION AND THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS Preservation and Innovation in Online Literature： A Brief Discussion

网络文学文本主要由传统文本和超文本组成。隐含“超文本性”的传统文本是网络文学的根基;而超文本作为网络世界最为流行的表意媒介,它以“比特”之名唤醒了沉睡于传统文本的开放性、自主性、互动性等潜在活力与灵性,代表着网络文学发展的方向。超文本以去中心和不确定的非线性“在线写读”方式解构传统、颠覆本质,在与后现代主义的相互唱和中,改变了文学的生存环境和存在方式。更重要的是,日益走向超文本的网络文学文本正在悄然改写我们关于文学与审美的思维方式和价值标准。因此,网络文学如何在持守传统的同时坚持创新,便成了一个值得我们深长思之的重要问题。     

超阅读:数码时代的文本变革

计算机和万维网的普及,以电子超文本为对象的非线性阅读(即"超阅读")在人类的文化生活中占据越来越重要的地位.超阅读的特点是追随链接以把握文本间性,实施跳跃以进行网上冲浪,提供选择以实现阅读的个性化.在看到超阅读正向效应的同时,必须注意它所潜藏的丧失方向感、逻辑感、历史感的缺陷,相应地采取完善导航机制、实现自动连贯、确立价值标准等措施.     

Qualitative data analysis with hypertext: A case of New York City crack dealers

Ethnography has become a useful method in procuring sensitive information from the ‘hidden population’ who may not be accessed with quantitative survey techniques. Researchers are generating huge amounts of qualitative/textual data. Qualitative data require careful planning in storage, coding, retrieval, and analysis. Personal computers have solved data management problems, but data analysis remains problematic. The paper describes some qualitative data management and analytic problems faced by a team of ethnographers engaged in a longitudinal epidemiological study of cocaine and crack distribution/abuse in New York City. Ethnographic data was collected through multi-session open-ended interviews with more than one hundred cocaine/crack dealers and extensive field-notes were kept. Compared to other programs, a hypertext software — Folio Views — was more useful in solving (a) data management and (b) analytical problems. Authors used this software to handle more than twenty-five thousand pages of texts; search and sort the database by any words or codes; and retrieve relevant textual materials needed to complete comparative and thematic analysis. Authors analyzed the data from outsiders’ point of view (etic) as well as from the viewpoint of the subject populations (emic).     

一种通用多媒体CAI课件制作与演示系统

介绍一种基于超文本的通用多媒体CAI课件制作与演示系统的整体结构及工作原理、核心功能模块、数据库管理系统的主要功能、操作方法和主要特点。该系统能使用户十分容易地制作出基于超文本的多媒体CAI课件。     

多媒体CAI软件开发的关键技术

结合多媒体“数据结构”辅助教学系统的研制开发经验 ,全面阐述了多媒体 CAI软件研制开发的素材制作、人机交互界面设计、多媒体数据访问、媒体同步回放、面向对象超文本信息组织等一系列关键技术 ,并给出了具体实施办法 .     

互联网超文本链接的知识论后果

随着互联网的勃兴 ,超文本在人类知识活动中的重要性正日益凸显。以非线性链接、跳跃、文本间性、开放性、超媒体等为核心特征的网络超文本 ,对人类知识活动有着多方面的影响。超文本的凸显 ,不仅产生了虚拟认识这一全新的认识形式 ,而且对提高认识效率、拓展知识空间、开阔认识视野 ,以及跨学科研究等也有实质性的影响。但是 ,超文本链接亦有可能造成认识方向感丧失、主体性消解、记忆力下降 ,以及知识平面化和碎片化、思维架构弱化等负面效应     

网络读写的主体重构

电脑网络作为神经的电子化延伸,改变了人类的感知、记忆与表达方式。实时互动的交流结构使当代阅读、写作和批评模式都发生深刻转变,作者与读者身份日益模糊以至颠倒。电子记忆、屏幕空间和网络通讯不仅作为技术中介,更作为精神交流的基本形态,以“远程在线”的方式重建着文学活动的主体间关系。     

后信息时代新媒体文学中文学诸要素之间关系的变革

在“世界、传媒、作者、读者、文本”新的五要素文学活动范式的基础上,考察了“作者、读者、作品、世界”等传统文学要素之间的关系在传媒的影响下所相应地发生的重大变革。首先,主体性的消失导致了作者－读者之间的关系被根本性颠覆。其次,从作品到文本再到超文本意味着去中心化。最后,随着数字化信息技术的突飞猛进,文学不仅仅可以再现世界,还可以携手数字化信息媒介去创造世界。     

Archiving cultures

This paper argues that to understand the legitimacy of a culture we need to investigate its relation to the archive, the site for the accumulation of records. Archive reason is a kind of reason which is concerned with detail, it constantly directs us away from the big generalization, down into the particularity and singularity of the event. Increasingly the focus has shifted from archiving the lives of the good and the great down to the detail of mundane everyday life. One implication here is that rather than see the archive as a specific place in which we deposit records, documents, photographs, film, video and all the minutiae on which culture is inscribed, should we not seek to extend the walls of the archive to place it around the everyday, the world? If everything can potentially be of significance shouldn't part of the archive fever be to record and document everything, as it could one day be useful? The problem then becomes, not what to put into the archive, but what one dare leave out. Some of the implications of these questions were considered by Georg Simmel, in his argument that there has been a build up and overload in the production and circulation of objective culture. This is now beyond our subjective capacity to assimilate and order, given the finite limits of the human life course we all face. It is something which confronts the individual with irresolvable dilemmas over selectivity, with each particular choice amounting to a wager which inevitably closes off others. Related questions about the difficulties of handling cultural completeness, were also addressed by Jorge Luis Borges in his discussion of the Library of Babel and the Aleph. Yet both could hardly have anticipated the full implications of the electronic archive: the development of new technologies for storing, searching and communicating information through the Internet with its databases and hypertext links. The electronic archive offers new possibilities for speed, mobility and completeness of access to cultures which have become digitalized, which raise fundamental questions about ownership, intellectual property rights, censorship and democratic access. The implications for culture are clear: the new electronic archives will not only change the form in which culture is produced and recorded, but the wider conditions under which it is enacted and lived as well.