Child Characteristics,Parenting Stress,and Parental Involvement: Fathers Versus Mothers

This study examined variations in the relationships among child characteristics, parenting stress, and parental involvement. Participants were 100 two‐parent families with preschool‐aged children. Self‐report and interview data were collected to measure parental involvement, as well as perceptions of child temperament and parental stress. Analyses revealed significant, yet somewhat different, associations between child temperament and parental stress for mothers and fathers. More significant associations were found between perceptions of child temperament and involvement for fathers than for mothers. The associations between child temperament and parental stress and involvement differed on the basis of child and parent gender. Results are discussed in terms of future research on father involvement, as well as programs designed to encourage fathers to assume more active parental roles.     

Community involvement in land regularization for informal settlements in Tanzania: A strategy for enhancing security of tenure in residential neighborhoods

This paper documents and analyzes how landholders managed to uplift status of their neighborhood from hazard land as designated by the 1978 master plan to a regularized residential settlement through land regularization in Dar es Salaam city. Specifically, explores policy framework governing land regularization and how the local community explored the opportunities it offers. Documents the local community planning and land regularization processes undertaken focusing on land use planning, drainage construction, and cadastral survey and discuses how financial resources were raised, trust was built as well as factors which sustained community involvement towards meeting their interests of securing tenure. The paper also, draws challenges facing land regularization policy and recommends areas for further interventions commensurate with the human dimension challenges in securing tenure.Underlying community involvement, those aspects of community, which have been connected to the idea of social capital namely existence of committed leadership in land development matters, embracing mechanism for participatory decision making process and educational background to local leaders were particularly important in determining success for the case. Others include economic ability to contribute, high proportion of landholder settlers, land conflict task force formulation, local consensus to solve commonly felt problems, existence of strong community organization, and unwritten norms put in place to regulate individual behavior in building construction. Weak legal recognition of informal settlement, lengthy and bureaucratic procedures in planning and approval of regularization plans, weak knowledge on land management matters, short-term title deeds with low financial betterments, political popularity are identified critical challenges.Some of recommendations put forward include formalization of the grass-roots role in decision-making, decentralizing some of land development control functions to sub-ward leaders and training the same in basic land management matters. Others include definition of norms; by-laws and government facilitation of informal land parceling. Besides community support should be sought so as to create partnership in the promotion of security of tenure in informal areas. The study concludes that, unless land development activities ongoing in informal settlements are closely monitored and regulated as the settlement grow, it will be too costly socially and economically to retrofit once the settlement have identified.     

合作学习与课堂参与性——通过合作学习促进英语课堂学生参与性的实验研究

鉴于英语教学重心向语言输出和运用能力的转移,学生在课堂上不再是被动的接受者.富兰克林说(1706-1790):告诉我,我会忘记;教给我,我可能记住;让我参与,我才能学会.因此,怎样让学生成为课堂的主体和积极的参与者成为教师关注的话题.本文通过实证研究调查了利用合作学习法提高英语课堂学生参与性的可能性和可行性,对比分析了实验班和控制班课堂参与状况,并对合作学习的实施提出了建设性的建议.     

戏剧与北京的民俗文化

从民俗文化学的意义上说,民俗作为一种文化是无处不在的。戏剧与北京的民俗文化表现为一种互动关系,一方面是民俗活动需要戏剧的参与,戏剧融入到民俗文化中;另一方面是民俗对戏剧的渗入,梨园的演出习俗就是其表现之一。同时,民俗文化也在一定程度上影响到戏剧的风格。     

Parent‐Adolescent Involvement: The Relative Influence of Parent Gender and Residence

The 1995 wave of the Add Health study is used to investigate the relative influence of parent gender and residence on patterns of parental involvement with adolescents. Adolescent reports (N =17,330) of shared activities, shared communication, and relationship quality with both biological parents are utilized. A multidimensional scaling analysis reveals that parent gender explains most of the variance in parent‐adolescent involvement, with residential status playing a secondary yet a fundamental role in accounting for these patterns. Resident mothers who do not live with adolescents’ biological fathers engage in the broadest range of activities with their children. Unpartnered resident fathers display patterns of parenting that are as similar to mothers as they are to other fathers.     

4-6岁幼儿电子游戏卷入度与得分关系研究

为了解4-6岁幼儿电子游戏卷入度与游戏得分的关系,对随机选取的20名4-6岁的幼儿在选用的电子游戏中的行为表现及游戏得分进行了观察研究。结果发现: （1）电子游戏卷入度的正性维度得分（M=37.750）高于负性维度得分（M=23.600）;（2）游戏得分从高到低的项目为：保卫萝卜（M=3.200）>水果消消乐（M=2.400）>俄罗斯方块（M=1.400）;（3）电子游戏卷入度负性因子与游戏得分的交互作用明显,F(6,14)=14.368,P<0.005。结论：（1）益智电子游戏可以较好促进4-6岁幼儿产生喜悦、注意、鼓励、努力等积极情绪;（2）游戏规则和操作越简单,越容易成功的益智游戏,更容易吸引4-6岁幼儿;（3）场景多变性、任务挑战难度越大的益智游戏,具有双刃剑的效应,虽然可以引起4-6岁幼儿参与游戏的兴趣,但是也容易给他们带来消极的情感体验。     

Nonstandard parental employment schedules and father involvement

This study assesses the impact of nonstandard employment schedules (shift work) on parenting among US fathers of young children in dual-earner couples. The outcomes examined include total caregiving, caregiving without the mother present, and the elements of father involvement proposed by Pleck: positive engagement, warmth, and control. Models with latent variables and with lagged dependent variables are estimated using three waves of nationally representative data from the Early Child Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort. The results indicate that employment scheduling mainly shapes the context in which involvement takes place. Compared to dual-earner couples who are each employed during the day, fathers in couples in which at least one parent has a nonstandard schedule tend to care for their children more in the mother's absence. To a more limited extent, they also do more caregiving overall. These effects are most conclusively found when the father works during the day and the mother works during the evening, when the mother works during the day but the father works a night, split, rotating, or other shift, and when both parents have nonstandard schedules. Parental work schedules, however, have little impact on father involvement aside from care.     

Service user involvement in social work education: experiences from Germany and implications for a European perspective

ABSTRACT

Service user involvement (SUI) in social work education has gained widespread attention in Europe and other continents. Nevertheless, experiences on including service users in social work education have not been reported from Germany or other German-speaking countries to date. This paper reports preliminary experiences with implementing SUI in a bachelor’s programme of social work in a German University of Applied Sciences. The main goals of the current paper are (1) to provide a background for implementing service user approaches in Germany by introducing the structure of social work education in Germany; (2) to report experiences from a weekend seminar where service users worked together with students of social work in the framework of a curriculum of a German University of Applied Sciences and (3) to formulate some implications of these experiences for SUI across Europe. The main results were that introducing service user involvement into a German curriculum of social work is possible but needs careful reflection and planning. Experiences gathered in the weekend seminar with service users were encouraging for service users, students and teachers. We conclude that systematically implementing SUI into German curricula of social work is important.     

浅析微博问政在党的执政能力建设中的二重性作用

近年来,随着互联网Web2.0技术的发展应用、政府职能角色的转变以及公民意识和权利意识的觉醒,微博和微博问政蓬勃兴起,使我们党的执政环境发生了重大而深刻的变化。微博问政是把＂双刃剑＂,一方面成为提升党的执政能力建设的助推器;另一方面,也对新时期党的执政能力建设提出了新的严峻挑战。因此,必须正确认识和分析微博问政的二重性作用,积极探索完善微博问政的有效途径,才能更好地推动党的执政能力建设迈上新台阶。     

Justice involvement among homeless individuals with mental illnesses: Are self-report and administrative measures comparable?

Individuals with mental illnesses who experience homelessness have frequent interactions with the criminal justice system. Correctly measuring this involvement is essential to develop and evaluate the efficacy of intervention programs. Criminal justice involvement is typically assessed through administrative records or self-reported accounts. The aims of this study are to: 1) assess agreement between self-report and administrative data related to court appearances, and 2) identify individual characteristics that affect discrepancies between sources. Participants were 468 homeless persons with mental illness from the Montreal site of the At Home/Chez Soi randomized controlled trial, in Canada. Self-reported data was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Administrative data was collected through provincial and municipal court databases. Overall, agreement was good. Discrepancies were more common among those with a diagnosis of mood disorder with psychotic features, and those with a criminal history. Increased age and interviewer’s perception of sincerity and interest increased likelihood of concordance. Generally, high agreement between self-report and administrative data suggests that either source can provide reliable information. Further work to understand predictors of discrepancies could further enhance the quality of data collected through these different sources.