Measuring and Achieving Equity in Multiperiod Emergency Material Allocation

Emergency material allocation is an important part of postdisaster emergency logistics that is significant for improving rescue effectiveness and reducing disaster losses. However, the traditional single‐period allocation model often causes local surpluses or shortages and high cost, and prevents the system from achieving an equitable or optimal multiperiod allocation. To achieve equitable allocation of emergency materials in the case of serious shortages relative to the demand by victims, this article introduces a multiperiod model for allocation of emergency materials to multiple affected locations (using an exponential utility function to reflect the disutility loss due to material shortfalls), and illustrates the relationship between equity of allocations and the cost of emergency response. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate both the feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed model for achieving multiperiod equitable allocation of emergency material among multiple disaster locations. The results indicate that the introduction of a nonlinear utility function to reflect the disutility of large shortfalls can make the material allocation fairer, and minimize large losses due to shortfalls. We found that achieving equity has a significant but not unreasonable impact on emergency costs. We also illustrate that using differing utility functions for different types of materials adds an important dimension of flexibility.     

Subjective utility with upper and lower probabilities on finite states

This article is concerned with thresholds of discrimination of preference judgments under uncertainty. We establish an axiomatic characterization for a threshold representation, where thresholds are represented by inexact measurement of subjective probabilities, i.e., upper and lower probabilities. Since upper and lower probabilities need not be additive, the representational form adopts the Choquet integration.     

影响消费者购买决策的产品属性效用实证分析

本文采用UTASTAR方法,以手机产品为例,从多属性效用这个新视角来评估决策这一因素,研究了七种手机产品对消费者的总效用、各属性的边际效用及各影响因素的重要程度.目前,产品属性影响力大小的获知主要依靠市场调研或网络调研,该文所采用的UTASTAR方法是市场调研方法的补充和完善.论文首先阐述了UTASTAR方法在研究消费者购买决策方面的优势,然后对通过网络挖掘获取的手机属性数据进行定量计算,结果各款手机的总效用排序与实际调查得到的消费者的关注度基本一致.另外,本文计算得到的属性边际效用和属性的权重,能够使营销人员和产品设计人员更好地把握手机产品的重要属性及其重要程度,有利于指导企业制定具有竞争力的产品和市场战略.     

新时期仍需坚持“效率优先,兼顾公平“的原则

改革开放以来 ,我国在分配制度上一直坚持“效率优先 ,兼顾公平”的原则 ,坚持这一原则 ,是社会主义本质的要求 ,是符合我国社会主义初级阶段国情的。世纪之初 ,在贯彻实施“十五”计划的新时期 ,我们仍需继续坚持这一分配原则。     

影响私人轿车拥有的因素分析

轿车进入家庭不是单一因素的结果。通过对影响轿车拥有和使用的因素,即效用、收入、城市结构、城市交通、城市道路设施和政策导向等六个方面的分析,指出应从多层面来研究中国汽车工业作为支柱产业的支撑条件,使汽车工业产出与运行需求均衡发展。     

Decision analysis for practical negotiation application

The family of decision analysis techniques can be applied effectively to support practical negotiators in international settings. These techniques are most appropriate in support of the prenegotiation phase, when parties are diagnosing the situation, assessing their own plans and strategies, and evaluating likely reactions and outcomes. The paper identifies how these approaches have and can be used to assist negotiation practitioners, offers a rationale for the application of decision analytic approaches in terms of the particular analytical requirements of the prenegotiation period, suggests how these process-oriented tools can be integrated with substantive tools, and discusses ways in which these tools can be presented and delivered to practitioners in a practical and confidence-building manner.     

论我国农业信贷资金的市场化效用

从农业生产主体的比较利益与经营风险分析入手，对农业市场化过程中信贷资金效用进行了深入研究，并针对我国农业经济发展的现状，提出了有关我国农业信贷资金体系建设以及农业生产资源配置等项工作的若干意见和建议。     

无锡市肉制品企业现状分析及发展对策研究

通过实地企业的调研及分析 ,阐述发展肉禽类加工的意义 ,探讨了无锡市肉禽类加工的现状 ,指出了肉禽类加工存在的主要问题 ,在此基础上 ,提出了无锡市肉禽类加工发展的对策。     

从结构主义和行为主义看对公用企业的反垄断规制

由于公用企业的特殊性，反垄断法一直对公用企业不适用。但是，随着理论和实践的发展，公用企业受反垄断法的豁免已受到质疑。认为对公用企业无需得到反垄断的豁免，主张依据行为主义理论来对公用企业实行反垄断规制。     

Intertemporal choice under timing risk: An experimental approach

This paper investigates how individuals evaluate delayed outcomes with risky realization times. Under the discounted expected utility (DEU) model, such evaluations depend only on intertemporal preferences. We obtain several testable hypotheses using the DEU model as a benchmark and test these hypotheses in three experiments. In general, our results show that the DEU model is a poor predictor of intertemporal choice behavior under timing risk. We found that individuals are averse to timing risk and that they evaluate timing lotteries in a rank-dependent fashion. The main driver of timing risk aversion is nothing but probabilistic risk aversion that stems from the nonlinear treatment of probabilities.