福柯的自我建构理论及其教育意义

在当前对福柯理论所进行的探讨中,我们对福柯的诸如权力/知识、话语等理论给予了很多的关注,却很少关注福柯的自我建构理论及其所具有的意义.因此,本文立足于福柯的自我建构理论,通过对自我建构所运用的技术,来指出自我建构理论的实质内涵,以及其深层次下权力/知识、话语的作用,以此来认识自我建构的理论所具有的教育内涵,它对教育所产生的影响,最后对这种理论进行简要的评价.     

试论"话语"一词的含义

“话语”一词在人文社会学科中有诸多不同的含义和用法。我们不能给“话语”下一　个属加种差的定义，然而我们可以从语用学的角度梳理“话语”一词的各种用法，并在福柯　知识考古学与权力系谱学的基础上对这个词作出概念性的说明。     

A toolbox for public relations: The oeuvre of Michel Foucault

In this article, we provide a brief introduction to the work of Michel Foucault. Our focus is on the major themes of Foucault's work: discourse, power/knowledge and subjectivity. We demonstrate the rich contribution that Foucauldian theory can make to public relations practice and scholarship by moving beyond a focus on excellence towards an understanding of public relations as a discourse practice with power effects.     

‘Having to say everyday … I’m not black enough … I’m not white enough’. Discourses of Aboriginality in the Australian education context

This paper interrogates discourses of Aboriginality about, and by, early career Aboriginal teachers as they negotiate their emergent professional identity in specific Australian school contexts. These discourses position the respondents via their ethnic and cultural background and intersect with self-positioning. This relates to the desire to be positioned as teacher rather than (only) as an ‘Aboriginal’ teacher. Consequently, the over-determination of Aboriginality includes such suppositions as the ‘think-look-do’ Aboriginality with a ‘natural’ connection to community, the ‘good’ Aboriginal teacher who fixes Aboriginal ‘problems’, the Aboriginal teacher as ‘Other’, and [the notion that] ‘Aboriginal work’ as easy, not real work and peripheral to core business. Through qualitative methodology, eleven Aboriginal teachers from the University of Sydney were interviewed. They were able to construct stories of early career teaching and the data was analysed to explore how the participants interpreted, accepted and/or resisted various discourses in their efforts to be agentic and resilient and to make a difference for the Aboriginal students they teach.     

Policing native pleasures: a colonial history

The moral modality of colonial power is still with us when it comes to the recreation of sexual norms of traditional or feudal society. We can examine the emergent properties of colonial knowledge anew by exploring how the colonial regime's strategic attention of regulating brothels in India differed from the analytic of power Foucault described for sexuality in European society. It turns out that amongst other things, public anxieties about the failure of adaptation by South Asians are incapable of leaving sexuality aside as a key interpretive device for their culture. The British preoccupation with reproducing the dynamics of the bourgeois matrimonial market on foreign soil in the mid‐nineteenth century similarly necessitated a sociological pretext for racial purity. However, the kind of knowledge a typical traveller and employee of the East India Company brought to the Victorian public from his own researches in the brothels and streets of colonial India, which revealed how popular prostitution was as a vice amongst the officer class, was also more than a welcome imaginary relief from Christian morality; it was an alternative vision of modernity.     

知识主体的突进与退隐:从笛卡尔到福柯

在西方哲学的知识论传统中,哲学家们倾向于把主体和客体理解为他们各自规范的知识观念所要求的必要功能。在古代哲学家们的思想中,自然和客体知识的可能性问题受到主要讨论,但没有明确地思考主体问题。近现代主体观的兴起所依赖的个体观念只是在后来的基督教思想中才进入哲学传统。以个体观念为先决条件的个体责任的观念已然现身于奥古斯丁的著作中。奥古斯丁对自我的直接诉求,天才般地开启了笛卡尔的"我思"观念的源头。由此形成的笛卡尔的知识主体,是一个抽象的认识论的假定,一个消极的旁观者。康德有限度地追随了笛卡尔的主体观念,但把笛卡尔的作为消极的旁观者的主体改造成了积极的行动者。康德在知识观上的这种"哥白尼式的"革命,构成了随后德国唯心主义主体观的基础。整体上看,康德之后的主体观存在着一种越来越向笛卡尔的主体观和古希腊的主体观隐退的明显倾向,及至海德格尔后期和后结构主义,这种倾向最终导致了向古希腊知识主体的全面回归。     

Governmentality within Children's Technological Play: Findings from a Critical Discourse Analysis

In many countries today, digital technology and instant communication are embedded in children's everyday lives to the extent that their play frequently incorporates smartphones, the Internet and other technologies. In this paper, we explore the recent historical conditions within the New Zealand context that have increased the accessibility of these technologies and imbued them with particular meanings. We suggest that from a Foucauldian perspective, these technologies can be seen as a form of subtle disciplinary power using techniques of governmentality through which children's ways of thinking are shaped to benefit societal requirements of the current historical era.     

No place to go? Management of non-human animal overflows in Australia

I discuss overflows of several introduced vertebrate species in Australia and critically explore their construction as national pests – overflows - appropriate for management by lethal control. I outline the thanato-politics and thanato-economics of managing selected non-human animals by toxic baiting and/or viral infection in ecologies of toxicity and the trophic cascades which may ensue. Drawing on Foucault and Deleuze, I explore creative potentialities for conservation managers of thinking in terms of milieu and environnementalité; exploration of the conditions of possibility for non-human animals to live in their milieus, considering relationalities with elements such as habitat fragmentation, fire regimes, pesticide use and so on. This could form a biopolitics which relocates biopower to within the subject rather than a thanato-politics of overflow, surplus and death.     

从人文科学考古学到人的消失——福柯哲学思想初探

福柯的人文科学考古学,其关键就是要揭示出人文知识的认识型断裂,从而为现代人文知识的建构提供说明。而现代人文科学的核心就是人的出现。在福柯看来,所谓人的出现,不仅是说现代人文知识给予了人一个特殊的位置,而是说从此以后,人们可以思考人了,人成为认识的对象或客体。然而,一旦人成为同世界上其他事物一样的认识对象或客体的话,那么,人就正在从这个世界中消失。由于人正在消失,主体正在被颠覆,因此,福柯认为,这就意味着屈从于主体的整个西方文明也必将发生翻天覆地的变化。     

论福柯哲学中的经验问题

本文主要研究了福柯哲学体系中的经验问题,福柯运用结构主义的方法,揭示了语言、权力、知识、真理、历史主义乃至于结构本身对经验的遮蔽,福柯的目的在于去蔽而澄明本真的经验,回复到丰富多彩的生活。