The healthy immigrant (migrant) effect: In search of a better native-born comparison group

This paper evaluates whether immigrants’ initial health advantage over their U.S.-born counterparts results primarily from characteristics correlated with their birth countries (e.g., immigrant culture) or from selective migration (e.g., unobserved characteristics such as motivation and ambition) by comparing recent immigrants’ health to that of recent U.S.-born interstate migrants (“U.S.-born movers”). Using data from the 1999–2013 waves of the March Current Population Survey, I find that, relative to U.S.-born adults (collectively), recent immigrants have a 6.1 percentage point lower probability of reporting their health as fair or poor. Changing the reference group to U.S.-born movers, however, reduces the recent immigrant health advantage by 28%. Similar reductions in the immigrant health advantage occurs in models estimated separately by either race/ethnicity or education level. Models that examine health differences between recent immigrants and U.S.-born movers who both moved for a new job—a primary motivation behind moving for both immigrants and the U.S.-born—show that such immigrants have only a 1.9 percentage point lower probability of reporting their health as fair or poor. Together, the findings suggest that changing the reference group from U.S.-born adults collectively to U.S.-born movers reduces the identified immigrant health advantage, indicating that selective migration plays a significant role in explaining the initial health advantage of immigrants in the United States.     

Crying for Food: The Mexican Myths of ‘La Llorona’ and ‘The Hungry Woman’ in Cherríe L. Moraga

The Mexican legend of ‘La Llorona’ (‘The Weeping Woman’), who drowned her children out of revenge for being abandoned by her lover, and the Aztec creation myth of ‘The Hungry Woman’ — crying constantly for food, with mouths all around her body — have inspired Chicana writers in the symbolic representation of their own yearning, be it sexual, identity-building, or anti-patriarchal. This essay seeks to lay the mythical groundwork within this topic, as well as to illustrate with some particular examples the different reappropriations of these myths in Cherríe L. Moraga, mainly in her play The Hungry Woman: A Mexican Medea (2001). With a view to opening up a past ‘that can provide a kind of road map to our future’ (: ix), these examples of transgressive women will be deprived of the feminine colonial passivity imbued by the dominant male discourse, and analysed as a complex, active, polyvalent mythological female corpus that integrates both life and death, womb and grave. This hybrid approach is inherent to the Aztec mythology on which Moraga relies in order to transcend Manichaeistic resolutions and probe the social, political, and gender reasons leading a hungry mother to commit infanticide.     

How do labour laws affect unemployment and the labour share of national income? The experience of six OECD countries, 1970–2010

Using longitudinal data on labour law in France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States over the period 1970–2010, the authors estimate the impact of labour regulation on unemployment and the labour share of national income. Their dynamic panel data analysis distinguishes between the short‐run and long‐run effects of regulatory change. They find that worker‐protective labour laws in general have no consistent relationship to unemployment but are positively correlated with labour's share of national income. Laws specifically relating to working time and employee representation are found to have beneficial effects on both efficiency and distribution thus proxied.     

中美服务业的对比分析及促进中国服务业发展的思考

本文利用2000～2008年中美两国服务业的行业数据，通过三个指标——国际市场占有率、贸易竞争优势指数以及显示性比较优势指数，对中关两国服务业各个行业的国际竞争力进行综合分析。通过对比得出，中国的服务业，尤其是以生产性服务为核心的现代服务业发展相对滞后，成为中国服务业发展的主要瓶颈。中国服务业的长远发展战略应立足于服务业内部结构的优化与升级，同时重点发展以生产性服务为核心的现代服务业，实现技术进步与现代服务业的相互融合。     

美国网络安全战略分析

从克林顿时代起,美国政府高度重视网络安全战略,将其视为国家安全战略的重要组成部分。该战略经历了从重视网络防御、网络攻防结合,到全球网络威慑的演变。网络安全战略演变的实质,就是逐步确立美国的制网权战略。为保证网络安全战略的实施,美国形成了组织管理保障、技术保障、法律法规保障和执行保障等体系。美国网络安全战略引发了网络军备竞赛,给国际法造成了严重挑战。本文通过对美国网络安全战略的分析,剖析其特点和实质,希望对我国网络安全建设有所启示。     

庚款留美缘起问题再探

关于庚款留美计划的缘起,美国学者认为是罗斯福政府无条件的自发之举,是正义、公正使然,退款用于兴学则是中国政府出于感激自主作出的决定。中国学界大致有两种观点:一是美国主动提出说,二是梁诚首倡说。本文认为,庚款退还问题应放在中美两国的外交格局,以及作为债权国的美国的战略利益和作为债务国的中国的不同国力下来考察,国家利益的代表者们只是参与博弈的一分子,任何个人难以独自发挥决定性的作用。     

美国沿岸权制度研究

在美国,沿岸权是土地所有人用水权的根据之一,包括但不限于用水和从特定水体收益的权利。依据沿岸权的用水必须属于＂合理＂用水。在普通法中,一项用水是否＂合理＂,根据个案的具体情况进行判断。传统的沿岸权制度体系难以适应水资源日益紧张的客观形势,目前美国大多数实行沿岸权制度的州已经采用行政许可手段对传统的沿岸权体系进行了改造。     

White and nonwhite trends in first birth timing: Comparisons using vital registration and current population surveys

The magnitude of racial differences in first birth timing vary greatly depending upon the data sources from which they are estimated. Vital registration data (Heuser 1976; with updates from the National Center for Health Statistics 1974–1990) show that in recent years nonwhites have higher risks of a first birth at virtually all ages compared to whites. As a result very large and historically novel differentials in childlessness are forecast using these data (see Rindfuss et al. 1988; Chen & Morgan 1991; Morgan & Chen 1992). However, retrospective fertility history data collected from the 1980, 1985 and 1990 Current Population Surveys (CPS) suggest much smaller racial differences in completed childlessness and isolate racial differences in probabilities of first births at young ages. Differences also exist between theses two series for whites prior to the mid-1960s but not afterwards. Reasons for these differing estimates are suggested and examined. We conclude that a substantial portion of the differences result from an accumulation of biases in the vital registration estimates that affect primarily estimates of first birth timing. Thus, the CPS data provide a more firm basis for racial comparisons of first birth timing.     

冷战后美国的朝鲜半岛政策与东北亚格局

随着冷战后国际战略格局的演变,被称为"冷战活化石"的朝鲜半岛的局势日益成为世人关注的焦点,与此同时,美国相继对其全球战略和东北亚战略作出调整.针对东北亚地区和朝鲜半岛的特殊战略地位,美国以"利用与限制"和"遏制与接触"两大政策来框定其东北亚战略,以确保其在全球及东北亚地区的超强独霸地位.