Support for a Fluid-Continuum Model of Sexual Orientation: A Large-Scale Internet Study

In a study with 17,785 subjects obtained over the Internet from the United States and 47 other countries, Kinsey's hypothesis that sexual orientation lies on a continuum was supported. Self-identifications of subjects as gay, straight, bisexual, and other corresponded to broad, skewed distributions, suggesting that such terms are misleading for many people. Sexual orientation range—roughly, how much flexibility someone has in expressing sexual orientation—was also measured. The results support a fluid-continuum model of sexual orientation, according to which genetic and environmental factors determine both the size of the sexual orientation range and the point at which an individual's sexual orientation is centered on the continuum.     

Towards a transdisciplinary blueprint to studying bullying

Events related to bullying are so complex that they require a much broader examination than is usually available from a single disciplinary point of view. The purpose of the present paper is to offer new ways of examining this complex phenomenon. We will argue that transdisciplinarity (henceforth TD) could bring a more comprehensive analysis and a deeper understanding to the current state of bullying research. As a way of emphasizing the benefits of a more pluralistic and integrative approach, we will use TD based examples to describe the general context and process we used to develop a new definition of bullying, one that provides a sharper distinction between bullying and general aggression, thus offering the possibility of more targeted intervention strategies. The present paper is divided into three sections, namely, a selected review of the TD literature, an application of TD inspired ideas and tools that examine bullying from a number of interrelated perspectives, and an outline of a conceptual ‘Disciplinary Continuum’, as an example of how TD can be used to examine complex phenomena. Moreover, we will highlight TD’s expanding role in the funding process, as it is increasingly required by granting agencies and governmental ministries as a criterion for universities’ funding. We conclude by outlining ideas for further inquiries.     

社会环境观在连续体文体分析中的应用——基于《高级英语》的案例分析

用韩礼德的社会环境观分析连续体文体《高级英语》，既可以加深对《高级英语》的认识，又能探索出一条区别于语言描写的连续体文体分析之路。分析过程表明：社会环境观的研究角度独特，研究结果见地深刻，且操作性强，但与语言描写法相比，其产生的结论较为宏观，故在日常的研究中，两种方法应结合起来使用，以相辅相成，互作补充。     

Vertical Axes on the Long-Term Care Continuum

Abstract

As the continuum of long-term care has expanded, public funding has not accompanied new care options. I detail access, provider profits and resources, and care quality in two types of residential care that fall in the center of the continuum, assisted living and board and care. These two options provide examples of how limited public funding leads to vertical axes, which represent access to services, the resources providers draw on to give care, and the quality of long-term care services, at each service point on the long-term care continuum.     

Program Evaluation and Causal Inference With High‐Dimensional Data

In this paper, we provide efficient estimators and honest confidence bands for a variety of treatment effects including local average (LATE) and local quantile treatment effects (LQTE) in data‐rich environments. We can handle very many control variables, endogenous receipt of treatment, heterogeneous treatment effects, and function‐valued outcomes. Our framework covers the special case of exogenous receipt of treatment, either conditional on controls or unconditionally as in randomized control trials. In the latter case, our approach produces efficient estimators and honest bands for (functional) average treatment effects (ATE) and quantile treatment effects (QTE). To make informative inference possible, we assume that key reduced‐form predictive relationships are approximately sparse. This assumption allows the use of regularization and selection methods to estimate those relations, and we provide methods for post‐regularization and post‐selection inference that are uniformly valid (honest) across a wide range of models. We show that a key ingredient enabling honest inference is the use of orthogonal or doubly robust moment conditions in estimating certain reduced‐form functional parameters. We illustrate the use of the proposed methods with an application to estimating the effect of 401(k) eligibility and participation on accumulated assets. The results on program evaluation are obtained as a consequence of more general results on honest inference in a general moment‐condition framework, which arises from structural equation models in econometrics. Here, too, the crucial ingredient is the use of orthogonal moment conditions, which can be constructed from the initial moment conditions. We provide results on honest inference for (function‐valued) parameters within this general framework where any high‐quality, machine learning methods (e.g., boosted trees, deep neural networks, random forest, and their aggregated and hybrid versions) can be used to learn the nonparametric/high‐dimensional components of the model. These include a number of supporting auxiliary results that are of major independent interest: namely, we (1) prove uniform validity of a multiplier bootstrap, (2) offer a uniformly valid functional delta method, and (3) provide results for sparsity‐based estimation of regression functions for function‐valued outcomes.     

极性对立形容词的肯定否定配置及典型连续统

以有限、确定的单音节极性对立形容词为研究对象,阐述极性对立形容词的肯定与否定形式和程度副词"很、最"组合的程度表达及其对应性和不平行性。提出极性对立形容词中间态的存在,从而尝试建立更为细节化的极性对立形容词的典型连续统。     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

搭配分析和第二语言学习

搭配是一种不同于成语和自由词组的词语组合形式。通过对搭配词项分析,提出了搭配还包括粘着性搭配和类连接的过渡形式,指出了搭配和词项共现在语篇中的衔接作用以及语料库中搭配文本对词汇的核心意义和高频意义的识别作用。从对搭配的多角度分析中体现了它在第二语言学习中所起到的作用。     

论汉语的“意义单位”

"意义单位"必须从词汇层面转移到句法层面上去考虑,即"意义单位"不是静态的词汇性单位,而是动态的句法—语义单位。"意义单位"是语言使用中形成的惯例化语言构块,有如下三个特点:(1)按照已知的句法规则生成;(2)属于线性语法;(3)明显受到汉语节律的影响。汉语"意义单位"分十级,呈现为从"语素"到"核心句"的连续体。     

宏观连续交通流数值模拟

应用交通流宏观连续模型,模拟上下游信号灯作异步周期变化的协调信号灯路段的交通流动,经数值计算比较,选择改进Ｍｕｒｍａｎ格式求解．结果表明：改进Ｍｕｒｍａｎ格式能准确捕捉交通流中无振荡“激波”位置．