理想焦虑与现实主义的当代建构

当代中国，现实主义长期作为一种主流创作方法和艺术形态被提倡，同时也具有改造与重塑作家的世界观、美学观的特殊意义。它的根本指向是关于社会主义乃至共产主义的新文学形态的构想。虽然冠以“现实”之名，“主义”才是根本，它包含着鲜明的理想色彩乃至乌托邦精神。因此，“社会主义现实主义”被“革命现实主义和革命浪漫主义相结合”取代是必然的。当代现实主义本质上是一种特殊的文学规范机制，通过日趋严格的典型设计和题材规划，实际成为了文学制度的一个重要方面。

Anxiety of Ideality and the Contemporary Construction of Realism

Realism has been advocated as a mainstream creative method and artistic form for a long period in contemporary China. It also has special significance of remolding writers’ world view and aesthetic view. Its fundamental direction is the conception of the new literary form of socialism and even communism. Although labeled with the name of “reality”, “-ism” is the root because it contains the bright ideal color and even the Utopian spirit. This determined that “socialist realism” was eventually replaced by “the combination of revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism”. Contemporary realism is a special mechanism of literary norms, through increasingly rigid model design and subject planning. It has actually become an important aspect of literary system.