理论与历史学的创新

学术科学发展的最根本要求是理论创新.创新理论一般具有科学性和革命性,所以提出新观点需要有极大的勇气.创新是从实践中抽象、结晶而来,必须经过多年的实际研究和积累.历史学的发展也依赖于新观点的提出,比如:郭沫若先生用中国考古、古文献材料结合五种生产方式的论点,提出中国社会发展也是遵循五种生产方式,把中国社会性质论战扩充成为中国社会史性质论战问题,在当时产生重大影响;侯外庐先生在历史研究方面接续了中国社会史性质论战的传统,在1943出版了<苏联史学界诸论争解答>,认为亚细亚生产方式是东方一种特殊的奴隶社会,把中国古代看成是和西亚、罗马古典古代并行的一个社会时代.这本书成为中国古代史分期讨论的开端和过去的中国社会性质讨论的延续,具有很大的创新意义;苏秉琦先生提出"满天星斗"说,认为中国文明起源是多源多线的,这种多民族多文化的观点在历史学界和考古学界是非常重要的理论创新.

The Innovation of Theory and Historical Studies

The fundamental requirement of the development of academic studies lies in theoretical innovation,which should be both scientific and revolutionary.Hence in advancing a new viewpoint,one should be courageous.Innovation comes from the abstraction and crystallization and years of actual study and accumulation.The development of historical studies relies on the advancing of new viewpoint.For example,Mr.Guo Mo-ruo,by combining Chinese archaeology and ancient document with five production methods,put forward the five production methods used in the country' social development,which had an great influence at the time.Mr.Hou Mai-lou,in continuing the tradition of the quality discussion of Chinese social history,published in 1943 "Answer to the various debates in the field of history in the Soviet Union",regarding Asian production means as a special type of slave society.He regarded ancient China as a society parallel with western Asia and ancient Rome.This book has great significance in innovation for its initiation in periodic discussion of Chinese ancient history and a continuation of quality discussion in Chinese society.Mr.Sou Bing-qi proposed the idea that "the sky is full of stars",which proposes that the origins of Chinese civilization is multi-origin and multi-line.This multi-nationality and multi-culture viewpoint is a very important theoretic innovation in the fields of history and archaeology.