黄陵、新郑和缙云黄帝公祭再探讨

针对陕西黄陵、河南新郑和浙江缙云三地举办的公祭黄帝典礼的历史、现状和不足，以及围绕陕西黄帝陵和河南黄帝故里之间的国祭之争，利用文献分析和社会调查等研究方法进行研究。研究认为:随着祭祀热和国家对于庆典活动的清理，在黄帝的祭祀上，当前办出影响的主要有黄帝陵祭典、黄帝故里拜祖大典和缙云轩辕祭典。目前陕西和河南之间的黄帝国祭之争，尚不足以动摇黄帝陵祭典的地位。自唐代开始，黄帝陵就被列入官方祀典，明代黄帝陵寝再次得到官方认可，形成定期致祭黄帝陵的制度，并绵延至今，黄帝陵的地位是历史形成的，黄帝陵祭典历史久、规格高、影响大。黄帝祭典不仅表现了对黄帝的尊崇之情，还具有展现当代社会主义现代化建设成绩、增强海内外华人民族凝聚力的重要作用。为了更好发挥黄帝祭典的社会功用，通过修改完善祭典仪程细节和进一步加强祭祀现场的组织工作，提高公众参与性，乐舞献祭要体现时代特色，提倡完全以现代服装祭祀黄帝，黄帝祭典祭祀用乐和祭文要加大创作力度，要在引起公众共鸣上下功夫。

Further discussion on the public memorial ceremony for Huangdi in Huangling,Xinzheng, and Jinyun

This study considers the history,present situation, and deficiencies of the official memorial ceremony for Huangdi held in Huangling,Xinzheng,and Jinyun.Furthermore,the contention between the Huangdi Mausoleum in Shaanxi and Huangdi’s hometown in Henan Province is studied through a literature analysis and social research methods.The research shows that the most influential rituals are the Huangdi Mausoleum Festival, Huangdi’s hometown worship ceremony, and the Jinyun Xuanyuan ceremony with sacrificial fever and the national cleaning up after the celebration activities for the sacrifice for Huangdi.The current debate between Shaanxi and Henan regarding the sacrifice for Huangdi is not detrimental to the Huangdi Mausoleum.The Mausoleum has been included in the official ceremony since the Tang Dynasty,and it was officially recognized again by the Ming Dynasty that formed a system of regular sacrifice to Huangdi Mausoleum,which exists to this day.Thus,the status of Huangdi Mausoleum has been maintained through its history.The Huangdi Mausoleum Festival has a long history,high specifications,and great influence.The ceremony not only showed respect for Huangdi but also played an important role in displaying the achievements of contemporary socialist modernization and enhancing the national cohesion of Chinese people at home and abroad.To better perform the social function of the Huangdi sacrifice ceremony,the details of the ceremony should be modified and perfected,the organization of the sacrifice site further strengthened,public participation enhanced,and the music and dance should reflect the characteristics of the times.To promote the modern clothing sacrifice to Huangdi,the music and funeral oration need to be enhanced to evoke strong sentiments among the public.