西方消费调控的目标、政策和手段

战后西方工业国家虽然没有明确提出消费调控目标，但从实践看，它们确实有自己的消费调控目标，并且这些目标都内含在其经济调控目标中，即实现消费供需平衡、实现消费(或劳动)主体的智能化、实现社会平衡、实现可持续消费。为实现这些目标，战后西方工业国家相应采取了一系列的消费调控政策和手段，具体说，为实现消费供需平衡而采取财政政策、货币政策以及根据消费需求变化，调整产业结构等；为实现消费(或劳动)主体智能化而采取大力发展文化教育事业，加强对消费者教育等；为实现社会平衡而采取收入政策，利用经济手段实现国民收入再分配，利用各种手段保护消费者权益等；为实现可持续消费而采取有利于环境保护的税收政策、产业结构政策和消费政策等。

The Aims, Policies and Measures of Western Countries' Supervision upon Consumption

Although western countries have not yet put forward aims of consumption supervision obviously, they actually have theirs, which have been included in other aims of economy supervision, namely, the balance of supply and demand, the intellectualization of consumers, the balance of society, and the sustainable consumption. In order to realize these goals, a series of policies and measures have been adopted accordingly during the post-war era, which include the fiscal policies and the monetary policies to realize the balance of supply and demand, the policies of adjusting the structure of industries in the light of changes of consumption demand, the policies of developing culture and education to upgrade consumers' education, the income policies of balance society, including economic measures to realize the re-allocation of national income, protect consumers' rights etc, the taxation policies, industry structure policies and consumption policies to protect the environment hence to realize the sustainable consumption.