章学诚的朴素历史主义思想

中国古代史家对历史发展和史学自身发展的认识起始甚早,并在历史评论和史学批评的实践中,总结出内涵丰富的社会历史发展理论和史学自身发展理论与方法论.在清代乾嘉时期史家中,章学诚对历史与史学的认识以及对史学批评原则的认识,包含着关于社会历史进步、历史与现实相互联系、尊重前人史学成果、知人论世评价史学牙(弊得失诸方面内容,形成了极其鲜明的朴素历史主义思想,对中国古代史学的理论与方法论的丰富和发展做出了新贡献.

On the Plain Historicism of ZHANG Xue-cheng's Historical Studies

The awareness of historical development and the development of historical studies has long been the major topic for Chinese historians, who, during centuries of historical practice, have formulated a body of socio-historical theories and methodologies concerning historical studies. Among the many ancient historians, ZHANG Xue-cheng, of the 18th century, distinguished himself by encompassing in his studies such aspects as historical criticism, theories of social evolution, relationship between history and the reality, achievements of earlier studies, and the advantages and disadvantages of history-based life criticism, and thus formed a plain historicism that has eventually exerted great influence on later generations.