新世纪现实主义文学的叙事困境——以反腐小说、底层小说为例

现实主义是整个20世纪中国新文学发展道路上的＂主潮＂,对新文学起着推进或制约的作用。本文在新世纪文学的背景与视野下进行文本分析,认为反腐小说表面的现实功利性一定程度上弱化了内部的现实主义追求,主要体现在题材选择、情节设置与人物形象的刻画等方面;而底层小说也因自身命名的争议以及知识分子如何表达底层、采取什么叙事态度表达底层等问题的提出,使得现实主义叙事的广度与深度受到削弱。只有分析与反思当下现实主义文学的叙事困境,才能获得真正具有独立意识、真正写＂现实＂而非理想化的现实主义。

Narrative Predicament of Realistic Literature in the 21st Century：Take the Anti-corruption Novels and the First Floor Novels as An Example

As a main current in the developing road of Chinese new literature in the 20th century,Realism plays a role of promotion of or restriction on new literature.This paper attempts to make some analysis of texits in the view of new century literature that the superfacial realistic utilitarian existing in the anti-corruption novels which contains the choice of themes,the plan and the portraits of character image weakens the internal persuits of Realism and that the width and depth of realistic spirit of the First Floor novels is also weakened by dispution of naming and defining the kind of narrative mode and by questions of how intellectuals depict the first floor and what kind of attitude those intellectuals should have.Only if we reconsider the narrative predicament of realistic literature can we acquire the independent,not the ideal,realism.