略论洋务运动时期的三次论争及其启示

鸦片战争后,西方文化开始大量进入中国。“西学东渐”已成为不可阻挡的趋势。清王朝内部一部分开明派即“洋务派”在与西方列强的较量中已认识到了自己的劣势,主张通过向西方学习来挽救统治危机。洋务派的理论和实践遭到同一阵营的传统习惯势力“顽固派”的反对。两派围绕着要不要向西方学习并具体地就京师同文馆天文算学的增设、派遣留学生和修铁路等问题展开“论争”。洋务运动时期的三次论争反映的是清王朝统治集团内部对待西方事物的态度及不同的价值取向,反映了当时社会文化的多元性、多样性,反映了当时社会的真貌及发展的规律。

Three Controversies in the Period of Westernization Movement and Their Enlightenment

After the Opium War(1840-1842),western culture began to enter China in a large amount."The oriental spreading of western culture" had already become an irresistible trend.Realizing the inferior position in the competition with Western imperialist powers,the enlightened group inside the Qing Dynasty advocated to save the nation from the ruling crisis by learning from the west,thus formed the so-called "Westernization group".The theory and practice of "Westernization group" suffered the opposition of "the diehards" of traditional force in the same camp.About whether China should learn from the west,these two groups launched the three controversies on such concrete problems as the establishment of astronomical mathematics in Beking Tungwen College,the delivery of foreign students and the building of railway etc.These three controversies reflected the different attitudes and value-orientation inside the Qing Dynasty toward the things from the west,the diversification and diversity of social culture and the social reality and development law at that time.