马克思的“社会”思想及其当代意义

重读马克思的经典著作可以看到,马克思社会思想的形成,一方面来自于对资本主义既有客观现实社会的批判,另一方面又是通过现实批判建构未来的理想社会。对于未来理想社会的建构,更加本质地体现着马克思对人类的历史贡献。马克思关于社会的思想可以归纳为三种情形:第一,社会存在——与自然相区别的人类总体存在;第二,社会形态——人类历史进程变化中的经济关系和由这种经济关系所决定的政治国家制度等的总体称谓;第三,人类社会——与人的本质和人的发展相联结的人的彻底解放状态。在马克思那里,社会本身不再仅仅作为一个客观实在的构成,同时也是人类可欲求的价值目标,它为人类社会的不断发展和进步提供了一个内在的道德基础和人性的动力。重温马克思的社会思想,对我们目前所进行的社会主义和谐社会建设和社会管理创新都具有重要的现实意义。

Marx’s Thought of "Society" and Its Contemporary Significance

Re-reading of Marx’s classical works facilitates our observation that, on the one hand,Marx’s thought of society comes from excoriating objective reality of capitalist society,and on the other,from the construction of an ideal future society based on the critique of the reality of capitalism.Construction of future society embodies more essentially Marx’s contribution to history of mankind.Marx’s thought of society can be summarized in three senses.Firstly,social being,man’s total being which distinguishes with nature;secondly,social form,the overall naming of all that include economic relations in the process of mankind historical changes,the political and state system which are decided by these economic relations(namely upon which rises a political and legal superstructure),and so on;thirdly,society of mankind,the status of complete liberation of mankind which is linked with human nature and development of mankind. The society itself is not only taken as a consisting of objective reality,but also is the value goal which mankind pursue,and in the meantime,it provides an intrinsic moral foundation and dynamic force of human nature for the continuous development and progress of mankind.To review Marx’s thought of society is helpful for us to innovate social governing and to construct a socialist harmonious society today.