孟浩然——盛唐求仕热潮中的“多余人”

在盛唐求仕热潮中,孟浩然是一个极其独特的存在。当时儒道两种对立的文化精神以一种特殊的形态相互整合,共同建构了孟浩然的文化心态和价值标准,使孟浩然具有一种儒者和隐逸气质相混合的精神特质,形成了孟浩然既追求一定的社会功利又不以入世为首选目标的温和、拘谨的士人人格,也使他长期处于仕与隐的紧张和焦虑之中。仕与隐的欲调和及二者事实上的难以调和,让孟浩然陷入了仕与隐的两难抉择中,进退维谷,从而成了盛唐求仕热潮中的“多余人”。

Meng Haoran: A Superfluous Man in the Upsurge of Official-pursuing during the Prosperous Tang Dynasty

In the upsurge of the official-pursuing during the prosperous time of the Tang Dynasty,Meng Haoran is an extremely unique case.Confucianism and Taoism,the two contrasting cultural spirits,were integrated in a special form at that time,which constructed Meng's cultural psychology and standard of values.Because of this,Meng formed a mixed quality of both a Confucian and a recluse and developed the mild and reserved personality of literati characterized by pursuing the official position and riches to a certain and reasonable degree.Meanwhile,Meng underwent a long-term tension and anxiety caused by the conflict of being a recluse or an official.Such a conflict,which could seemingly but hardly be reconciled,placed Meng into a dilemma of being a recluse or an official and therefore Meng became a superfluous man in such an upsurge.