试论医疗行为的违法阻却事由

两害相权取其轻,两利相权取其重。特殊的民事行为有两种:一种是需要从严管束(制约)的民事行为,如环境污染、高危作业、产品缺陷等引起的人身损害行为;另一种特殊的民事行为通常是指国家特别需要的或者能直接为民众带来好处的公益行为,应当从轻或者可以免责的民事行为,如科学试验、见义勇为、救死扶伤、城市公共交通、社会福利等。最高人民法院《关于参照〈医疗事故处理条例〉审理医疗纠纷民事案件的通知》和对医事诉讼适用举证倒置的规则,则是从反面错误理解了"医疗行为的特殊性"的典型例子,从而人为造成了医患关系的紧张,严重阻碍了我国医学事业的发展。故对医疗行为的违法阻却研究便显得十分必要与紧迫。

Discuss on the Exemption of Illegality to Medical Behavior

Seeking benefit and minimizing losses are the common principles of handling the civil dispute.There are two kinds of special civil action.One is the civil action,which needs to be severely controlled.For example,the acts of person harm which is caused by environment pollution,high-risk operations and product defects.Another is public welfare behavior,which country specially needs or it can bring benefits to people,such as scientific experiments,righteous behavior,et al.It should be leniently sent to promise or be exempted the responsibility.The author thought medical behavior is the latter kind of civil action.He was also of the opinion that in the medical lawsuit there was wrong understanding to the particularity of medical behavior,which caused the doctor-patient relation to be anxious and hindered medicine development seriously.