现当代文学视野中的"农民工"形象及叙事

在现代商品经济冲击下,中国近代以来造成的城乡二元对立、旧有的乡村自然经济和生活方式日益遭到瓦解,迫使农民离开土地和乡村到城市谋生,这种社会现象引起文学的关注.从五四到30年代,出现描写农民背井离乡到城市谋生的作品,这些作品从经济、社会动荡和民族与阶级压迫的角度探究农民离乡的原因,叙写他们的城市遭际和心路历程.抗战爆发使描写乡村破败和农民被迫进城的文学暂时中断.建国后的30年里,严格的户籍身份制度和社会管柬,堵塞了农民进城的道路.20世纪80年代后户籍制度的松弛、城市化进程的加快和农村经济与社会的边缘与贫穷,使大批农民以民工的身份大量涌入城市谋生,他们是城市生活方式和文明的追求者、城市建设和社会需要的劳动力,又是城市的底层和牺牲者.当下文学对作为城市外来者的农民工进行了大规模的描写,形成了独特的人物形象系列,成为值得关注的文学现象.

Migrant Workers in Contemporary Chinese Literature

The modernization process in the past century has produced great conflicts between the city and the countryside,ruined the natural economy that lasted for thousands of years,and forced large numbers of peasants out of their homelands into cities for a living.This great change found its way into literature as early as the 1993s. In the three decades after the communist revolution this problem was not as obvious as it had been because of the government policy controlling the mobility of the country people.Beginning in the early 1980s,with the loosening of the country,migrant workers from the countryside have again attracted attention of the writers as well as the general public.They come,empty-handed,into the city only to find themselves trapped into a more dreadful dilemma.