论扬雄的史学思想

扬雄作为汉代著名的思想家和文学家,在史学思想上也颇有建树。他将历史学看成是研究政治培养政治家、叙述事实揭示真理的学问,其功用在于总结历史经验,提供借鉴。他认为历史发展的决定因素在于"时激"和"人事",实际有"正道"和"它道",其动力在于人类的实践尤其是圣贤的意志;历史认识的条件在于认识客体的规律属性即"神"、认识主体的主动属性即"心"和认识媒介的传播属性即"言""书",其目的是掌握历史规律,体验创造历史的自由,其验证标准为儒家思想和历史实践。扬雄讲究的是"与道神之"即按照历史发展来把握事物的本质的历史方法、将历史人物或历代王朝放在一起的比较对照方法和史学论著编纂的模仿法。政治史学中的游离性、官方史学中的民间性和人本史学中的谶纬性,构成了扬雄史学思想的基本特征。

On Yang Xiong's Historical Thoughts

As a famous thinker and writer in the Han Dynasty,Yang Xiong also gains great achievements in historical thoughts.In his opinion,historiography is to investigate politics to cultivate statesman,to narrate the reality to reveal the truth,and its roles are to draw a conclusion of the historical experience and provide the right governing modes for the empires.The decisive factors for the history development are historical tendency and human's efforts and the history develops along the right road and other road...