马克思共产主义的生态文明意蕴——兼评伯克特对马克思主义生态学维度的发展

马克思共产主义内在地蕴含着生态文明。伯克特认为,生产资料公有制克服了当今世界生态危机的根源--资本主义基本矛盾的影响,这从本质上表明了共产主义的生态文明意蕴。共产主义财产从多个方面确保人的自由且全面地发展。人的发展程度越高就越能意识到人与自然的有机统一性,越能明确人在公有资源管理中的权利与责任,从而真正以"人与自然和谐发展"为标准来管理自然。共产主义致力于增加的自由时间,将被用于人类各种各样的智力和美学的自我发展;这会减少物质能量吞吐量而有利于环境保护,同时,人的更高程度的发展则能更好地处理人与自然的关系,进而最终实现人与自然的共同进化。

The Eco-civilization's Connotation of Marx's Communism:On the Ecological Development of Burkett for Marxism

Marx’s communism intrinsically implies eco-civilization. For Burkett,the public ownership of the means of production overcomes the root of today’s ecological crisis of the world,that is,it overcomes the fundamental contradiction of capitalism. This indicates communism’s eco-civilization implication from its essential requirement.Communist property guarantees the free and all-round individual human development from multiple aspects. The higher level development the individuals acquire,the deeper understanding of the organic unity of human and nature will be got,and the more specific rights and responsibilities in the management of the common resources will be understood and undertaken,so the standard of "harmonious development between man and nature" will be applied in practice to manage nature. The expanded free time which communism strives for,will be used to engage in a variety of intellectual and aesthetic forms of self-development;and this will reduce the throughput of matter and energy thus benefit the environmental protection,meanwhile,the more all-around developed individuals,the better handling they can do in the relationship of human and nature,and then the co-evolution of human and nature will be realized eventually.