传统与变革之间:两湖书院

两湖书院是清末张之洞在武昌创建的变革中的书院.社会变迁和中西文化冲突与融合给予两湖书院变革巨大的推动力,使其管理制度、教学方法、思想观念发生了巨大变化.但两湖书院一直徘徊在传统与变革之间:不修时文却以功名为主要目标;教学内容既有经史之学又有西学;教学方法传统与近代交融;利用商业资金办学等.这种新旧并存格局和新陈代谢的发展趋势,正体现清末学术思想、政治主张的变动和抉择.

Between Tradition and Change:Hubei-Hunan Academy of Classical Learning

Hubei-Hunan Academy of Classical learning was one that was established in Wuchang by Zhang Zhidong during transformation.Social change and the conflict and the blending of Chinese and Western cultures rendered the academy an enormous impetus,resulting in its great changes in management system,teaching method and ideology.Still it remained hovering between tradition and change: learning not familiar essays but taking official rank as the main aim,having both traditional Chinese writings and Western natural and social sciences for teaching content,blending traditional teaching method with the modern one,running the academy by using commercial fund,etc.The coexistent setup of the old and the new and the development trend of the supersession of the old by the new did express the alternative choice of the academic thinking and the political view in the late Qing Dynasty.