解读马克思对蒲鲁东的批判——从《哲学的贫困》到《1857-1858年经济学手稿》

从经济哲学视域看,《哲学的贫困》与《贫困的哲学》展现出的两种不同的哲学基调,决定了蒲鲁东与马克思的经济学理念的分野;德国古典哲学,特别是黑格尔的辩证法,不但是马克思所批判和仰赖的对象,而且构成了蒲鲁东经济学的哲学根基,不过蒲鲁东凭借辩证的直觉提出的系列辩证法是类似于黑格尔的唯心主义辩证法。脱离历史的纯粹理性,无论思辨哲学还是批判哲学的“二律背反”,是不会成为政治经济学的科学方法的,而政治经济学的科学方法是“从抽象上升到具体”。历史地批判和历史地解读,在于从思想的发展中汲取有益的启迪;这既使人摆脱愚蠢的聪明也摆脱聪明的愚蠢。历史的辩证法总会折射出它的类似逻各斯或道的普照之光,即便是解构了的元素也有自身存在的根据或前提或原因,因此马克思的批判和蒲鲁东主义的现实影响都是不可小觑的。

Understanding of Marx's Critique on Proudhon:From The Poverty of Philosophy to Grundrisse

From the dimension of economical philosophy,the two various philosophical keys showed by The Poverty of Philosophy and The Philosophy of Poverty determine the dividing line of the economical idea of Marx and Proudhon;German classic philosophy,especially Hegel's dialectic,was not only the object criticized and relied on by Marx,but also became the philosophical basis of Proudhon's economy;Proudhon,however,with dialectical intuition,developed the dialectique serielle that was analogous to Hegelian dialectic o...