哈贝马斯协商民主思想的理论分析

自由主义民主理论与共和主义民主理论,都是以主体性哲学为理念,建立在实践理性的基础上。作为对自由主义民主理论与共和主义民主理论的超越,哈贝马斯的协商民主思想是以交往理性为基础,以现象学派的主体间性哲学为理念。为了对协商民主在现实生活中的运用作出恰当解释,他提出了协商民主运用的前提,即参与者在共同的生活背景下,以语言为媒介进行理性商谈。哈贝马斯认为协商民主具有以下优点:强调协商一致性,努力减少异议风险带来的潜在危害性;它注重吸收多数而不是排他性的;努力最大限度地扩大多数人统治的规模而不是满足于勉强过半的多数人统治。以此为基础,哈贝马斯概括出协商民主理论的特点:平等性、公开性、包容性、责任性和参与性。

Talking about Habermas' Thought on Consultative Democracy

The thought on democracy and liberty,on the basis of practical reason,takes subjectivity philosophy as belief.Surpassing the democratic thought on liberty and the democratic thought on civic republican,Habermas' thought on consultative democracy is the basis of communicative rationality,and takes phenomenological intersubjectivity philosophy as belief.To explain the exertion of consultative democracy in the real life,Habermas put forward that the premise of deliberation is that participants under the common life background conduct rational discussion by the medium of language.He thinks that consultative democracy has the following advantages: emphasizing consistently deliberation;trying to reduce the potential harmness caused by the risk of disagreement;focusing on absorbing the majority but not exclusive;trying to maximize the scale of the rule of the majority rather than being satisfied with the rule of the barely half of the majority.And on this basis,Habermas summarized the characteristics theory of consultative democracy.