哲学经济学视域中的劳动论题——关于马克思与黑格尔理论传承关系的微观研究

劳动作为重大的理论课题,是近代资本主义发展的一个后果。在古典政治经济学的劳动价值论、黑格尔的劳动辩证法和马克思的异化劳动理论之间,保持着一种深刻的思想传承关系。简言之,古典政治经济学第一次揭示了劳动的社会历史内容,以此表达了西方资本主义上升时期的时代精神;黑格尔将其上升为现代性的一个哲学问题,进一步描述了近代资产阶级市民社会的结构及其矛盾;最后,马克思把劳动理论推进为一个彻底的批判理论,达到了对资本主义的彻底否定性理解。在马克思全部理论中,哲学的“劳动”概念和经济学的“生产”概念构成了表征理想和批判现实这两个不同的方面。

Labor as Viewed in Philosophy and Economics——A Micro-study of Hegelian Heritage to Marxist Theory

As a major theoretical issue, labor is a consequence of the modern capitalist development. From labor value theory of classical political economy and Hegel's dialectics of labor to Marxist labor theory of alienation, there exists a profound relationship of ideological inheritance. In a word, the classical political economy of labor pioneers to expose what social history is, so as to demonstrate the western capitalist spirit at its rising age, and Hegel turns it into a philosophic issue of modernity, further describing the structure and conflicts of modern civil society; Eventually, Marx develops the labor theory into a critical philosophy, making possible a thorough negation of capitalism. In the totality of Marx' theories, the philosophy of labor and the economic concept of production present two different realities: ideal society and realistic criticism.