马克思劳动价值论与诸种“非劳动价值论”——一种“科学理论”视域的比较研究

从“科学理论”的视域来审视,马克思劳动价值论是中外理论界众多价值、价格学说中的一种,而且在我国是影响颇大的一种。在此之外,中外理论界还提出了各种“非劳动价值论”学说,其中具有代表性的主要包括生产费用价值论、生产要素价值论、效应价值论、边际效应价值论、供求决定价值论、均衡价格论、物化劳动价值论和知识价值论等。马克思劳动价值论作为建立在“劳动”这个人类本质活动基础上的价值论研究的结晶,它与各种非劳动价值论相比较,是更为深刻的理论,是在科学地区分和严格地定义了使用价值和价值、价值和价值形式、价值和价格、物化劳动和劳动、具体劳动和抽象劳动、私人劳动和社会劳动、价值决定和价值实现、价值决定和价值分配等诸对范畴的基础上,达到了形式和内容、现象和本质的有机统一的宏大理论体系;而各种“非劳动价值论”的学说,基本上都是在现象层面上对价值或价格的考察,从这个意义上讲它们远没有马克思劳动价值论那样深刻。

On Marx's Labor Axiology and Others'"Non-labor Axiology"--A Contrastive Study in the Ken of "Scientific Theories"

In the perspective of"Scientific Theories",Marx's labor axiology is one of the value and price theories proposed by the theoreticians home and abroad,and is rather influential.Besides,the theoreticians also develop various Non-labor axiologies,the representatives of which include the axiology on the producing cost,the axiology on the production elements,the axiology on utility,the axiology on marginal utility,the axiology on the decisiveness of supply and demand,the price theory on equilibrium,the axiology on materialized labor,the axiology on knowledge.In contrast with these value theories,Marx's axiology,as the distillation from the axiological study that is based on labor,the man's essential activity,is more profound.With a scientific division made between such pairs as applied value and inherent value,value and representation,value and price,materialized labor and labor,concrete labor and abstract labor,individual labor and social labor,value-determinedness and value allocation,it realizes the organic unification of form and content and the organic unification of phenomenon and essence and constitute a grand theoretic system.Whereas,various theories on the non-labor value largely stay on the surface of value and price and therefore is far from being as profound as Marx's labor axiology.