全球价值链分工特征的指标体系构建及应用

增加值贸易核算方法的提出与改进为考察全球价值链(GVC)分工特征提供了可能,但缺乏通过构建指标体系对GVC分工的多维特征进行全面分析的相关研究。为此,本文在总贸易核算框架下对各国出口的增加值进行分解,提出衡量分工深度和广度的GVC分工程度指数和集中度指数,并重新构建了GVC地位指数,形成了衡量GVC分工程度、地位、集中度三维特征的指标体系。本文进一步使用世界投入产出数据库数据,对2000-2014年GVC分工演进特征进行分析。研究发现,GVC分工程度总体呈现逐渐加深的变化趋势,其中知识密集型制造业和资本密集型制造业的GVC分工程度相对较高;七国集团的GVC分工地位相对较高但有所下降,金砖国家的GVC分工地位呈现上升趋势;不同经济发展水平国家间的分工地位差距正在缩小,GVC分工的全球化生产程度有所提升。

The Construction and Application of the Indicator System of Global Value Chain Division

With the development of accounting methods for trade in value added, it is possible to investigate the characteristics of GVC division, but it lacks an indicator system to inspect the multi-dimensional characteristics. Therefore, this paper decomposes the value added in exports of various countries with the gross trade accounting method, proposes the indexes for measuring the depth and breadth of GVC division, and further reconstructs the GVC status index. Thus, the paper constructs an indicator system to measure the three dimensional characteristics of depth, status and concentration of GVC division. Furthermore, this paper uses WIOD data to analyze the evolution characteristics of GVC division from 2000 to 2014. The results show that the depth of GVC division is gradually increasing in general, and the depth of knowledge-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industries is relatively higher. GVC status of G7 is relatively higher but presents a downward trend, while BRICS’ GVC status is rising. The status gap between countries with different economic development is narrowing, and the breadth of global production in GVC division has increased.