论马克思的社会生态原理

当代世界的生态危机,是资本逻辑违背生态正义而导致的人类生存危机。如何解决这一危机,人们再次求教于马克思。马克思主义产生于人类第二次正义危机即劳动者不拥有基本生存资料的经济生态危机时代,它的主要理论是把人类从第二次正义危机中解救出来的理论。但是,一则由于这一历史任务遗留到了我们这个时代(资本主义和资本逻辑依然统治世界),二则由于马克思哲学构建的深广历史内涵触及人类学生态学的根底,从而它也能够解救人类面临的这第三次正义危机即生态危机。马克思生态思想与西方生态思想的不同,主要在于马克思首先从社会生态考虑问题。他直接间接提出了社会生态的四大生态原理:其一,人与自然的合理物质变换原理;其二,人与人的合理物质变换原理;其三,人自身的合理物质变换原理;其四,"每个人与一切人"的合理生存与健康发展原理。这四大原理是马克思社会生态思想的基石,它为从社会立场解救生态危机、开辟生态文明新时代奠定了理论基础。因为人类面临的生态危机的根源不在自然界,而在人类社会。

Marx＇s Ideas on Social Ecology and Its Theory

Contemporary world ecological crisis is a human survival crisis which is a result of the capital logic defection from the ecological justice. People once again ask for Marx concerning how to solve this crisis. Marxism was born in the era of human＇s second justice crisis during which workers did not possess the basic survival resources. Its main theory is about rescuing human from this era. Nowadays, it can also rescue human from the third justice crisis -- the ecological crisis. One reason is that this historic task is passed to us （the capitalism and its logic still rule the world）, and the other reason is that the philosophy of Marxism has touched the bedrock of anthropology and ecology. The difference between Marx＇s ecological ideas and the Western ecological thinking is that Marx considers the ecology from the aspect of society. He offered four social ecology principles directly and indirectly. The first principle is the principle of reasonable material transformation between human and nature; the second one is the principle of reasonable material transformation between person and person; the third one is the principle of reasonable material transformation within a person himself; and the last one is the principle of reasonable survival and health development between every one and everybody. These four principles are the cornerstone of Marx＇s ideas of social ecology and have laid the theoretical basis for solving the ecological crisis from a social standpoint and opening up a new era of ecological civilization, because the root causes of the ecological crisis people are facing today is not in nature but in human society.