汉魏六朝道教的孝道

汉魏六朝时期道教的孝道问题是一个受到儒、道、释三教广泛关注的焦点问题。道教的孝道充分吸收了儒家的孝道伦理思想,使孝成为道教的基本宗教伦理规范。同时,道教孝道也体现出自己鲜明的特点,为六朝以后道教伦理思想的发展奠定了基础。在孝道的贯彻方式上,道教通过强调“孝”的必要性,在仙道中注入了“德”的内容,改变了纯粹修道成仙的个人利己倾向;在孝道的内容上,道教孝道只是在整体上认同儒家孝道,当某些具体细节与道教的宗教追求出现矛盾时,道教开始区分教内外孝道伦理义务之别。道教的孝道伦理还是一种在整体思维模式下协调人类与自然关系的更为科学的生态型伦理。

Filial Piety in Taoism during the Period of the Han-Wei and Six Dynasties

In the Han-Wei and the Six Dynasties, the filial piety was the focus to which all Confucians, Buddhists, and Taoists paid their attention. The filial piety of Taoism assimilated the ethics of Confucianism adequately, which made filial piety become the essential religion ethic of Taoism. At the same time, the filial piety of Taoism showed its own religion particularity, which established the foundation of the theoretical constructing of Taoism ethics later. On the aspect of its performing manner, Taoism introduced morality into filial piety while emphasized the latter, so that it changed the manner of absolute self-regarding tendency of Taoism. On the aspect of its contents, Taoism began to distinguish the ethical differences between Confucianism and Taoism when some contradictions appeared between them. The filial piety of Taoism was also the more scientific eco-ethics that the Taoism tried hard to harmonize the relationship of man with environment in a whole-thinking.