分析马克思主义的方法论基础探析

分析马克思主义作为西方马克思主义研究的一种新范式而出现,实现了马克思主义研究的方法论的新突破.西方社会科学中流行的个人主义解释模式构成其方法论的学术背景.约翰·埃尔斯特构建出分析马克思主义方法论的框架--以方法论个人主义为方法论原则,以意向性解释尤其是理性选择理论、博弈论为具体解释方法.围绕方法论个人主义和理性选择理论的争论逐步凸显出分析马克思主义研究方法论的全貌.只有运用辩证法精神,才能恰当处理方法论个人主义与方法论集体主义的关系、理性选择理论与功能解释的关系,才能准确评判与把握分析马克思主义的方法论基础.

A Study of the Methodological Basis of Analytical Marxism

Analytical Marxism,as a new paradigm of Western Marxism,brings a new methodology.Its academic background is the explanation mode of methodological individualism which prevails in the area of Western social sciences.John Elster gives the framework of the methodology of Analytical Marxism: its principle is the methodological individualism,and its technique is intentional explanation,especially rational choice theory and game theory.Thereafter,with the arguments on methodological individualism and rational choice theory,the panorama of Analytical Marxism became clear gradually.This paper concludes that dialectics should be applied to treat the relationship between methodological individualism and methodological collectivism,and the relationship between rational choice theory and functional explanation,so that we can grasp and value the methodological basis of Analytical Marxism.