R&D部门间溢出效应及中美日三国的比较分析

文章基于投入产出模型定义了后向R&D流量系数矩阵和前向R&D流量系数矩阵,并导出反映部门R&D溢出效应的指标:受益者效应MCR&D和贡献者效应MDR&D。利用中国、美国、日本三国的投入产出表和有关的R&D支出数据分别计算了这三个国家产业部门的受益者效应和贡献者效应,并进行了分析对比。主要结果:三个国家的部门间R&D溢出效应具有各自的特点,又有相同点,主要有:有些部门,如文化办公用机械制造、电气机械及器材制造业、运输设备制造业等,无论受益者效应还是贡献者效应在三个国家中都是比较大的;化学工业在三个国家中的贡献者效应都很突出,都是主要的R&D溢出贡献部门。与美国和日本不同,我国的科学研究事业R&D溢出贡献效应远高于其他部门,这是我国部门间研发联系的显著特征,与我国R&D投入的特点有关。

Comparative analysis of R&D inter-industry spillovers in China, USA and Japan

Backward R&D flow coefficient matrix and forward R&D flow coefficient matrix are defined in this paper on the basis of input-output technology. Receiving effect, MCR&D , and sending effects MCR&D are introduced, which are used to analyze the inter-industry R&D spillovers of a country. As empirical results, receiving effects and sending effects of industries in China, USA and Japan are computed respectively on the basis of input-output tables and R&D expenditure database of these countries. The results show that the inter-industry R&D spillovers of the three countries have different characteristics and the similarities as well. The main points are as follows: some sectors, such as electronics and telecommunications, transport equipment and electric instruments and housing appliance, have both great receiving effects and sending effects in all the three countries. Chemical industry has great sending effects in the economy of the three countries. As a distinct character, the scientific research service has much higher sending effects than all the other sectors in China. It is quite different with those in USA and Japan and is related to the characteristics of R&D expenditure of our country.