论新巴塞尔协议信用风险框架在中国的适用性

按照新巴塞尔协议的要求(发达国家的商业银行在2007年底要按照新的标准计算其资本，但考虑到我国银行体系的不成熟，我国承诺将在2012年履行巴塞尔协议的要求)，针对商业银行的信用风险管理问题，详尽分析了新巴塞尔协议信用风险框架的标准以及我国银行业在银行监管、信用环境、银行组织结构等方面的问题，指出了我国银行业现状与新巴塞尔协议信用风险框架的差距，提出了相应的对策。

Problems and countermeasures of integration of producers,colleges and research institutes orienting to leading industry

In order to promote the quick transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the effective conversion of the old driving forces into new ones in the leading industries of Shenyang, the literatures from home and abroad are reviewed on the situation of the coupling development of the integration of the producers, colleges and research institutes. Expounded are the theoretical development trajectory of the integration of producers, colleges and research institutes, the characteristics of leading industries, and the selection criteria of the leading industries. Shenyang is taken as an example to analyze the main problems of the integration of leading industries. The problems are the insufficient cognitive factors, backward resource factors, imperfect system and mechanism factors, and imperfect environmental factors. Suggestions are put forward to effectively integrate and promote the collaborative innovation mode and level advancement of the integration, such as giving full play to the guiding role of the government in the collaborative innovation, strengthening the collaborative innovation of the integration with the advantageous enterprises as the core, improving the technological innovation and management ability of the innovation supply side of Shenyang, and steadily promoting the technological and financial coupling, the collaborative innovation pattern and level upgrading.