五四文学革命的反思

五四文学革命的科学主义倾向，造就了再现论、认识说的文学观，同时也造成了文学审美本质的失落。进化论的文学观强调了文学的历时性但抹煞了文学的共时性，尤其是激进的革命进化论，为五四文学革命的被否定设下了伏笔。人道主义肯定文学的人性本质，但它对五四引进的资本主义文明的开火，摧毁了自己的基础，从而导致自身被革命文学取代。倡导平民文学应予肯定，但对贵族文学与士大夫文学的极度排斥，却导致了文学的极端平民化。现实主义倡导者无法接受欧洲现实主义的客观主义，则使现实主义与古典主义界限模糊，最后滑向新古典主义。五四文学革命不是从文学性质的角度批判“文以载道”，导致自身陷于反对文以载道和要以文载革命之道的矛盾之中。世界文学意识打破了中国传统文学的封闭意识和自我中心主义，使中国文学思想与世界文学思想相沟通、融汇。但这种世界化是以激进的反传统立场推行的，引起了民族本位主义的反拨，客观上为否定五四文学革命铺平了道路。

A Re-thinking of the May Fourth Literature Revolution

The scientific trend of the May Fourth literature revolution created the literature view of reappearance and recognition,but it also caused the loss of literature aesthetic appreciation.The evolutionary literature view,especially the drastic revolutionary evolution,stressed the literature diachronic yet neglected its synchrony,thus paved the way for the denial of the May Forth literature revolution.Humanitarianism affirmed the human nature of literature,but it fought against capitalism introduced by the may Forth movement,destroyed its existing foundation and was replaced by revolutionary literature.The advocating of pauper literature should be affirmed,yet the extreme exclusion to noble and literati literature caused a phenomenon of extreme pauper literature.The advocators of realism,not accepting the objectism of European realism and ignoring the difference between realism and classicalism,finally glided to new classicalism.The May Fourth literature revolution did not criticize the tradition that literature was to spread moral from the nature of literature,thus caused itself into the embarrassment of opposing that literature was to spread moral and supporting that literature was to spread revolutionary doctrine.The world literature consciousness broke the closed consciousness and self-importance of traditional Chinese literature and caused Chinese literature to communicate with the world.However,this process was conducted from a drastic anti-tradition point and was challenged by national departmental selfishness,and paved the way for the denial of the May Fourth literature revolution.